Highly efficient reusable polymer-supported Pd catalysts of general use for the Suzuki reaction

Polymers for Green C–C Couplings

“…[55] The reaction of ligand 1 (R = tBu, tolyl, naphthyl, Figure 1) with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 incorporates PPh 3 -free palladium into the support, and this is also a useful catalyst in the Suzuki coupling of ArCl and arylboronic acids. [56] Phosphanes have been attached to polystyrene supports by reaction of a phosphane with a halo-functionalized polymer to give a phosphonium salt. These salts have been used in different reactions including Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings, where, considering the basic reaction conditions, the phosphane is presumably formed and acts as a ligand.…”

Suzuki–Miyaura coupling under air in water promoted by polymer supported palladium nanoparticles

“…Usually, this crosscoupling reaction is catalyzed by soluble phosphane palladium complexes in organic solvents but such a protocol suffers from the difficulty in recovering and reusing the expensive homogeneous catalysts. To overcome this drawback, much work has been devoted to the development of reusable Pd heterogeneous catalysts [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In this regard, recyclable nanocatalysts [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] experienced great prosperity in the past decade, because they combine high surface area with excellent accessibility of the reactants to the active sites.…”

Polymer-supported macrocyclic Schiff base palladium complex: An efficient and reusable catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction under ambient condition

“…Correspondingly, palladium complexes anchored on polymers with Schiff bases [10,11], N-heterocyclic carbene groups [12][13][14][15], and dendrimers [16,17] have been described recently. In addition, a few efficient heterogeneous Pd catalysts, which are of general use for this reaction of aryl chlorides, have also been reported [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”