Highly Efficient Water Splitting Catalyst Composed of N,P-Doped Porous Carbon Decorated with Surface P-Enriched Ni₂P Nanoparticles

Abstract

A non-noble-metal hybrid catalyst (Ni 2 P/NPC-P), composed of N,P-doped porous carbon decorated with surface P-enriched Ni 2 P nanoparticles, is developed to address the urgent challenges associated with mass production of clean hydrogen fuel. The synthesis features one-pot pyrolysis of inexpensive fluid catalytic cracking slurry, graphitic carbon nitride, and inorganic salts, followed by a feasible surface phosphidation process. As a non-noble metal catalyst, Ni 2 P/NPC-P demonstrates excellent performance in hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolytes with a low overpotential of 73 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 (η 10 ) and a small Tafel slope of 56 mV dec −1 , meanwhile exhibits durability with no significant η 10 change after 2000 catalytic cycles. Theoretical calculation reveals that the negatively charged P-enriched surface accelerated the rate-determining transformation and desorption of OH*. In overall water splitting, the electrocatalyst achieves a low η 10 of 1.633 V, promising its potential in the cost-effective mass production of hydrogen fuel.

One-pot construction of CoSe nanoparticles anchored on single-atomic-Co doped carbon for pH-universal hydrogen evolution

“…g-C 3 N 4 was synthesized with the procedures from the literature. 53 A mixture of g-C 3 N 4 @FCC (0.600 g) and CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O (0.119 g, 0.5 mmol) was dispersed in 100 mL of ethanol and sonicated for 30 min to achieve a homogeneous suspension A1. Another mixture of 1,10-phenanthroline (0.360 g, 2 mmol) and CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O (0.238 g, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 100 mL of an ethanol/H 2 O mixed solvent (9 : 1) to achieve an orange solution A2.…”

Co2P Nanoparticles Encapsulated in N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as a Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst for a High-Performance Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery

“…In recent years, combining transition metal phosphating materials and heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials has been considered an effective strategy to improve catalytic performance. For instance, a highly effective water splitting catalyst which is made of N, P-doped porous carbon and has P-enriched Ni 2 P nanoparticles on the surface was reported by Yan et al According to Jafari’s research, the synergistic effect of iron-based nanoparticles and N-doping networks is one of the main factors for improving ORR performance …”

Cerium-Doped Nickel Phosphide Nanosheet Arrays as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic and Alkaline Conditions

“…Green hydrogen is an ideal energy vector due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. , Electrochemical water splitting driven by renewable electricity is considered as a promising technology for green hydrogen production, which can solve the issues of intermittency associated with renewable energy sources. ,− For large-scale hydrogen production, highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are required to trigger proton reduction with lower overpotential. , Currently, precious metal-based catalysts are considered to be the most state-of-the-art HER electrocatalysts. − However, the wide application of these precious metal-based catalysts is greatly limited by their high cost and scarcity. , It is urgently desired to develop stable, competent, and inexpensive HER electrocatalysts. , …”

“…Because of the cost-effectiveness and great catalytic potential for the HER, nonprecious transition-metal carbides, sulfides, phosphides, and selenides have been widely investigated. − Among them, transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) feature good electrical conductivity, a hydrogenase-like catalytic mechanism, and favorable corrosion resistance, which are favorable for obtaining excellent electrocatalytic performance. ,− As a model catalyst for the HER at the beginning of research studies on transition-metal phosphide research, nickel phosphides have been extensively studied for replacing noble metal-based catalysts. ,, However, compared with other phosphide catalysts, nickel phosphide (Ni 2 P) is currently not an excellent electrocatalyst for the HER. , Generally, the electrocatalyst performance depends on the mass transport properties of the electrode surface, the number of active sites, and the intrinsic activity of each active site . The construction of self-supported electrodes with a three-dimensional open structure facilitates the diffusion of electrolyte ions, release of bubbles, and acquisition of large reaction interfaces with numerous exposed active centers. ,, For instance, Yan et al reported self-supported and hierarchical nickel phosphide nanosheet arrays on nickel foam, which exhibited an open nanostructure with abundant edges .…”

“…2,12 It is urgently desired to develop stable, competent, and inexpensive HER electrocatalysts. 13,14 Because of the cost-effectiveness and great catalytic potential for the HER, nonprecious transition-metal carbides, sulfides, phosphides, and selenides have been widely investigated. 15−19 Among them, transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) feature good electrical conductivity, a hydrogenase-like catalytic mechanism, and favorable corrosion resistance, which are favorable for obtaining excellent electrocatalytic performance.…”