Highly Integrated Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Wave Energy Harvester toward Self‐Powered Marine Buoy

Abstract

This paper proposes a highly integrated triboelectric‐electromagnetic wave energy harvester (TEWEH) that can efficiently collect wide‐frequency wave energy and realize a self‐powered marine buoy. The innovative design of a permanent magnet‐polytetrafluoroethylene (PM‐PTFE) ball ensures high integration between the magnetic material forming the electromagnetic generator (EMG) and the dielectric material forming the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In the condition of swinging (1 Hz and ±30°), the output of the TENG component can reach 230.25 V, 1.34 µA, and the average output of the EMG is 2.30 V, 10.43 mA. Remarkably, even at an extremely low frequency (0.2 Hz), the TEWEH maintains exceptional output. The output power density of the TENG component and EMG component reach 13.77 W m−3 and 148.24 W m−3, respectively, which are much higher than in previous work. The TEWEH can quickly charge the 330 µF capacitor to a certain voltage, and then light up navigation mark lights and power thermometers. A sealed TEWEH with circuits works as a self‐powered marine buoy that can transmit actual marine ambient temperatures to land. In conclusion, the TEWEH has broad application prospects in the field of wave energy harvesting and the self‐powered marine Internet of Things.

Recent Progress in Blue Energy Harvesting Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators

“…Zhang et al used multiple PTFE balls moving inside the buoy structure BEH and found its peak power reached 61.20 mW when the wave height was 6 cm [82]. Furthermore, Zhu et al proposed a highly integrated triboelectric-electromagnetic wave energy collector (TEWEH) that was applied to roll permanent magnet PTFE balls [83]. The TEWEH had been demonstrated as a self-powered marine buoy deployed near Dalian Bay and transmitted measurements to the receiver.…”

Bidirectional Rotating Turbine Hybrid Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Wave Energy Harvester for Marine Environment Monitoring

“…(The image in (i) has been reproduced with permission. [41,[44][45][46][47] the rabbit fur moves past the FEP membrane of the stator during rotation. Due to the triboelectric effect, electrons are transferred from the regular bristles to the FEP membrane.…”

“…The experimental system subsequently evaluated the output performance of both the TENG and EMG components of the entire device, revealing that the power density surpasses that of previous devices. [44][45][46][47] The detailed data and comparisons with more state-of-the-art devices are summarized in Table S1 (Supporting Information). With appropriate circuit management, the combined output of the entire device fully demonstrates the advantages of integrating TENG and EMG technologies.…”

Conformable Multifunctional Space Fabric by Metal 3D Printing for Collision Hazard Protection and Self-Powered Monitoring

“…Fortunately, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an excellent choice based on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction first proposed by Wang’s group in 2012 and is regarded an emerging self-powered sensing technology, , which has a widespread application in biomedical, − ocean energy harvesting, , and self-powered wearable devices. , The easy and on-site manufacturing and repair of the TENG can be the most valuable feature for outer space applications. First, the TENG boasts unique advantageous features with simple structure, easy fabrication, and high sensitivity in space debris, which easily integrates into the surface of spacecraft or space station to achieve precise monitoring of small impacts, facilitating detection and localization, reducing costs, and enhancing the reliability and stability. − Second, compared to traditional energy supply methods, TENG converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, − utilizing electrostatic induction to generate self-powered signals through collisions in space without the need for additional energy supply, thereby eliminating the need for additional energy supply. − The characteristic bestows the TENG with sustainability and self-sufficiency during prolonged space missions, reducing reliance on external power sources.…”

“…Fortunately, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an excellent choice based on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction first proposed by Wang 2012 and is regarded an emerging self-powered sensing technology, 5,6 which has a widespread application in biomedical, 7−9 ocean energy harvesting, 10,11 and self-powered wearable devices. 12,13 The easy and on-site manufacturing and repair of the TENG can be the most valuable feature for outer space applications.…”