“…Four dominant IMD3 contributors are present in a CMOS PA: 1) the 3rd-order transconductance (g m3 ); 2) the gain compression due to drain voltage clipping; 3) the voltage-dependent nonlinear parasitic capacitors (e.g., gate-source C gs , gate-drain C gd , and gate-bulk C gb ); and 4) the 2nd-order mixing products. Enhanced 2nd-harmonic termination [2], [3], pMOS varactor-based amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) compensation [4], [5], hybrid nMOS/pMOS PA structures [6]- [8], and transformer-based AM-PM correction [9] are proposed to improve the mm-wave PAs' linearity, deteriorated by the 2nd-order mixing products and nonlinear capacitors. Moreover, adaptive biasing, multi-gate transistor, and antiphase [10]- [18] techniques are proposed for IMD3 cancellation.…”