“…23 However, with the nanoreactors developed so far, the enzyme is encapsulated in or on a carrier, and the shell of the nanoreactor shell constitutes an additional diffusion barrier slowing down the influx rate of reactants. 24 In such case, complex membrane modifications are required to ensure the nanoreactor permeability. 19,25 Furthermore, the use of any additional carrier material, such as lipids or polymers, limits the effective enzyme concentration in the system due to the volume occupied by the non-catalytic carrier.…”