Highly ordered graphene oxide paper laminated with a Nafion membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Lin, Chuen−Chang; Yang, Lu

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.005

Cited by 124 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several approaches, such as pore-filling techniques [13,14,15], electron beam grafting [16], and electrospun nanofiber film [17] have recently been proposed to decrease the fuel cross-over phenomenon through electrolyte membranes. Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted attention due to its unique amphiphile [18] and high aspect ratio properties [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bilayer well-aligned Nafion/graphene oxide composite membranes prepared using spin coating method for direct liquid fuel cells

Lue

Pai

Shih

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel bilayer well-aligned Nafion/graphene oxide composite membranes prepared using spin coating method for direct liquid fuel cells

Lue

Pai

Shih

et al. 2015

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…10 The relatively high proton conductivity under these conditions suggests that GO paper could act as a proton electrolyte in various cells and batteries. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The proton conductivity of the GO paper is lower than that of the conventional Nafion electrolyte, which is usually used at high RH (∼100%), 17,18 while the overall conduction of the GO paper will be similar to that of Nafion if the GO paper is less than a tenth of the thickness of the Nafion.It has been reported that various gases do not pass through the GO paper, even when the GO is very thin (0.1 μm).19 This means thin GO paper is well suited as an electrolyte for the H 2 /O 2 fuel cell, because of the high proton conduction and the H 2 and O 2 gas shielding. Nafion electrolytes must be thick in order to achieve gas shielding (>10 2 μm).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Fuel Cell

Tateishi

Hatakeyama

Ogata

et al. 2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits relatively high proton conduction even at low relative humidity (RH) and temperatures. Thus, multilayered GO film (GO paper) is a promising electrolyte in various cells and batteries. We report the in-plane and through-plane proton conductivities of GO paper at low RH and room temperature. The conductivities were 10 −5 -10 −4 S/cm at RH of 10-20%. We examined the performance of a graphene oxide fuel cell (GOFC) with GO paper as the electrolyte at low RH (<20%) and room temperature. We demonstrated that a simple membrane electrode assembly (MEA) based on Pt/GO/Pt system functioned as a H 2 /O 2 fuel cell. The GOFC with Pt/C electrodes afforded better fuel cell performance than a MEA composed of Pt/C electrodes and Nafion electrolyte. GO paper composed of nano-sized GO (nanoGO) flakes enhanced the performance of the GOFC, particularly the current density. Furthermore, a composite of Fe phthalocyanine (PcFe) /reduced GO (rGO)/TiO 2 could act as the Pt-free oxygen electrode in GOFC, although the fuel cell performance should be improved for practical applications. Our study suggests that a low cost GOFC without a Nafion electrolyte and noble metal electrodes could be fabricated in the near future. GO is a promising material because of its many excellent chemical and physical properties, which arise from various oxygenated functional groups.1-6 Multi-layered GO nanosheets (GO paper) exhibit high proton conduction. [7][8][9] The main oxygenated functional group in GO is epoxide. It acts as the site for proton transfer after water molecules bind to it, even at low RH and room temperature. 10 The relatively high proton conductivity under these conditions suggests that GO paper could act as a proton electrolyte in various cells and batteries. [11][12][13][14][15][16] The proton conductivity of the GO paper is lower than that of the conventional Nafion electrolyte, which is usually used at high RH (∼100%), 17,18 while the overall conduction of the GO paper will be similar to that of Nafion if the GO paper is less than a tenth of the thickness of the Nafion.It has been reported that various gases do not pass through the GO paper, even when the GO is very thin (0.1 μm).19 This means thin GO paper is well suited as an electrolyte for the H 2 /O 2 fuel cell, because of the high proton conduction and the H 2 and O 2 gas shielding. Nafion electrolytes must be thick in order to achieve gas shielding (>10 2 μm). Moreover, GO paper is much cheaper than Nafion. A mixture of GO paper and Nafion has been used as the electrolyte for a fuel cell, and it acted as an electrolyte even at relatively low RH (25%).8 Sulfonic acid functionalized GO (SGO) has been used as an electrolyte without Nafion, and tested in a H 2 /O 2 fuel cell at 25% RH and 40• C, with Pt/C electrodes. 12Here we report the performance of a simple H 2 /O 2 fuel cells with a 100% GO paper (< 1 atom% S) electrolyte (GOFC) as well as the proton conductivities at low RH and 23-25• C. ExperimentalSynthesis of GO and nanoGO.-The GO was prepared f...

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“…This may be due to the GO-Fe3O4 nanofillers having a high apparent aspect ratio [22,37] and being well-aligned by the magnetic field in the CL-QPVA matrix further suppressed the methanol permeation through the membranes. Well-aligned GO-Fe3O4 nanofillers created higher tortuosity in the polymer phase for methanol diffusion than the randomly distributed nanofillers.…”

Section: Ionic Conductivity Of Koh-doped Quaternized Polyvinyl Alcohomentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorientation of Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Crosslinked Quaternized Polyvinyl Alcohol as Effective Solid Electrolyte

Lin

Shih

et al. 2016

Energies

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This work aims to clarify the effect of magnetic graphene oxide (GO) reorientation in a polymer matrix on the ionic conduction and methanol barrier properties of nanocomposite membrane electrolytes. Magnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles were prepared and dispersed on GO nanosheets (GO-Fe 3 O 4 ). The magnetic GO-Fe 3 O 4 was imbedded into a quaternized polyvinyl alcohol (QPVA) matrix and crosslinked (CL-) with glutaraldehyde (GA) to obtain a polymeric nanocomposite. A magnetic field was applied in the through-plane direction during the drying and film formation steps. The CL-QPVA/GO-Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite membranes were doped with an alkali to obtain hydroxide-conducting electrolytes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell (DMAFC) applications. The magnetic field-reoriented CL-QPVA/GO-Fe 3 O 4 electrolyte demonstrated higher conductivity and lower methanol permeability than the unoriented CL-QPVA/GO-Fe 3 O 4 membrane or the CL-QPVA film. The reoriented CL-QPVA/GO-Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite was used as the electrolyte in a DMAFC and resulted in a maximum power density of 55.4 mW·cm −2 at 60 • C, which is 73.7% higher than that of the composite without the magnetic field treatment (31.9 mW·cm −2 ). In contrast, the DMAFC using the CL-QPVA electrolyte generated only 22.4 mW·cm −2 . This research proved the surprising benefits of magnetic-field-assisted orientation of GO-Fe 3 O 4 in facilitating the ion conduction of a polymeric electrolyte.

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Highly ordered graphene oxide paper laminated with a Nafion membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 124 publications

References 39 publications

Novel bilayer well-aligned Nafion/graphene oxide composite membranes prepared using spin coating method for direct liquid fuel cells

Novel bilayer well-aligned Nafion/graphene oxide composite membranes prepared using spin coating method for direct liquid fuel cells

Graphene Oxide Fuel Cell

Reorientation of Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Crosslinked Quaternized Polyvinyl Alcohol as Effective Solid Electrolyte

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