Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in ducks in the Northern part of Cameroon

Natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Egypt

“…Five microlitres of extracted RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA using the RevertAid™ H Minus First Strand cDNA synthesis kit (catalogue number K1611; Fermentas, EU) following the manufacturer's instructions. The PCR was performed with a set of primers specific for H5 and N1 gene segments as described elsewhere (Njouom et al, 2008).…”

“…For characterization of the isolated virus, the HA gene was analysed by PCR using a set of HA genespecific primers (Njouom et al, 2008). The PCR product was gel purified using the Gene JET™ Gel Extraction Kit (catalogue number K0691; Fermentas, EU) as recommended by the manufacturer and was sequenced on both strands using the amplification primers (Solgent Co. Ltd, Daedeokdaero Yuseong-gu Daejeon, Korea).…”

Identification of risk factors associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection in poultry farms, in Nigeria during the epidemic of 2006–2007

“…In Africa, despite reports on the genetic/biological constituents/properties of HPAI H5N1 viruses of African origin (Ducatez et al, 2006(Ducatez et al, , 2007Njouom et al, 2008;Couacy-Hymann et al, 2008;Cattoli et al, 2009;Fasina et al, 2009), the epidemiologic aspects of HPAI H5N1 virus infection in poultry have not been investigated. Although previous studies have provided an epidemiologic framework for investigation of risk factors for HPAI H5N1 virus in poultry (Henzler et al, 2003;Thomas et al, 2005;Bouma et al, 2009;Busani et al, 2009), study findings and proposed prevention strategies may not apply to the conditions of Nigeria in view of variations in climatic conditions, poultry practices, and the socioeconomic and cultural orientations of agricultural populations in this geographic region.…”

Application of PCR Technologies to Humans, Animals, Plants and Pathogens from Central Africa

“…In the context of outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, ducks from the far north region of Cameroon were found to host a highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1, whose sequence was closely related to H5N1 isolates reported in other African countries [176].…”