Highly Permeable Gelatin/Poly(lactic acid) Fibrous Scaffolds with a Three-Dimensional Spatial Structure for Efficient Cell Infiltration, Mineralization and Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds allowing sufficient cell infiltration are urgently needed for bone tissue engineering. In this study, a highly permeable 3D interconnected scaffold was fabricated by surface bonding of cotton-like nonwoven fibers with micro- and nanoscale architecture using gaseous chloroform. The results of physiochemical characterization indicated that bonding for 90 min with a fiber density of 0.15 g/cm3 could facilitate satisfactory porosity, supportive mechanical properties, and a 3D spatial microstructure for cell ingrowth. Coating with gelatin on the fibers induced highly efficient in vitro mineralization and in vivo bone formation as indicated by mineral deposition and repair of rabbit radius bone defect. The findings from this work demonstrated that these biofunctionalized fibrous scaffolds could bionically represent topographic nanofeatures and biological composition for cell binding affinities similar to those of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). It can be concluded that the facile fabrication and modification strategy of 3D fibrous scaffolds exhibit promising prospect to fulfill the progressive needs in bone tissue engineering.

Synthesis, properties, and applications of polylactic acid‐based polymers

“…The figure also presents the in vivo implantation for efficient cell ingrowth, and bone repair, courtesy of Wang. [167] crystallinity of 96 and 94% of L-lactide, respectively. Reported data showed that the faster degradation rate of the container was associated with the high crystallinity of the bottle.…”

“…Thus, PLA has a widespread application in biomedical industry, [31,41,139,152,155,157-159,113-115-120] drug delivery, [73,108,[123][124][125][126][127][131][132][133][134]136,[139][140][141]152,[160][161][162][163] and tissue engineering. [41,115,139,142,145,146,148,160,[163][164][165][166][167] Polymeric drug release occurs in one of three ways: erosion, diffusion, and swelling. It is important to notice that the polymer properties can modify the drug release profile.…”

“…Co-oligomer synthesis Networks based on poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] showed reduced material switching temperature (Tsw) and enabled SME at room temperature as well as in 37 C water. [167] PLA, gelatin/PLA Centrifugal meltspinning technique Biofunctionalized fibrous scaffolds could bionically represent topographic nanofeatures and biological composition for cell binding affinities similar with that of natural ECM. [142] PLGA nanofibers, PLA MY Electrospinning setup Combination of Tβ4 with the PLGA/PLA HY promotes tenogenesis of adult stem cells for tendon tissue engineering.…”

“…Thus, PLA has a widespread application in biomedical industry, [ 31,41,139,152,155,157–159,113–115–120 ] drug delivery, [ 73,108,123–127,131–134,136,139–141,152,160–163 ] and tissue engineering. [ 41,115,139,142,145,146,148,160,163–167 ]…”

“…Wang et al [ 167 ] have developed vastly permeable 3D interconnected scaffolds through surface cohesion of cotton‐type nonwoven fibers using CHCL 3 (Figure 11). Their results revealed that bonding for 90 minutes with a fiber density of 0.15 g cm −3 could ease satisfied porosity, and supportive mechanical characteristics as well as 3D spatial microstructure for cell development.…”