The construction of composites based on metal oxides
with exposed
high-energy facets is very significant in a wide range of applications
including gas detection, catalysis, and energy storage. However, the
synthesis of such composites is always hindered by the smooth exposed
surface of metal oxides, which is difficult to nucleate and grow a
second component. To solve this problem, a novel metal–organic
framework-assisted method was proposed to anchor ZnO nanoparticles
on {221} facets of SnO2 octahedrons simply by a coating
and oxidation process of ZIF-8 on the smooth {221} surface. It was
found that a high nucleation energy results from an appropriate ratio
of Zn2+ and 2-methylimidazole, giving priority to the heterogeneous
nucleation and growth process for ZIF-8 on the surface of SnO2 octahedral nanoparticles. The coverage of ZnO on the smooth
surface can also be modulated by the ZIF-8 film. Thanks to the newly
designed composites with special structure, the gas-sensing performances
of {221} SnO2 were improved extensively, whose response
toward 100 ppm triethylamine (TEA) can be increased more than triple
times from 5.68 to 18.37 (R
a/R
g) by the combination of ZnO nanoparticles. This intensively
improved gas-sensing performance was attributed to the special structure
with extra sensitive depletion layers at the heterojunction as well
as the single-crystalline feature of SnO2 octahedral nanoparticles.
These composites are thus promising gas-sensing materials for TEA
detection with excellent performances. More significantly, it can
also pave a new way to combine metal oxides with exposed high-energy
facets, providing a unique and effective means for enhancing the properties
and functionality of materials in a range of fields.