Highly sensitive electrochemical determination of the SARS-COV-2 antigen based on a gold/graphene imprinted poly-arginine sensor

Abstract

A simple gold/graphene imprinted poly-arginine sensor was proposed for the highly sensitive electrochemical determination of SARS-COV-2 antigen.

A comparison of conventional and advanced electroanalytical methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus: A concise review

“…Graphene (Gr) is a great electrode material for electrochemical sensors because it has several appealing properties, such as a high surface area and superior conductivity. Recently, Zhang et al (2021b) prepared Au/Gr nanohybrids as the electrode material and arginine as the functional monomer to build a unique MIP sensor for the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein. This proposed sensor showed a LOD of 3.0 fM in a linear range 10.0–200.0 fM.…”

“…1 ) ( WHO, 2022 ). However, because respiratory viruses have non-specific and broad symptoms, as well as rapid spread from positive patients (asymptomatic), early precise identification and isolation of infected individuals remain critical for monitoring the disease caused by respiratory viruses ( Heraud et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2021a , 2021b ). To control the spread of the pandemic disease, diagnostic tools to detect and segregate affected people from the general public must be established.…”

Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management

“…Another MIP-based SARS-CoV-2 NP detection platform was developed by Zhang et al, in which poly-arginine (P-Arg) is used for the preparation of the SARS-CoV-2 NP-P-Arg MIP complex [101]. The sensor was fabricated by the immobilization of NP onto an Au/graphene/SPCE electrode followed by the electrochemical polymerization of Arg.…”

“…This can be achieved by developing novel and stable signal amplifications materials and receptors, such as phage display antibodies instead of conventional monoclonal antibodies and nanomaterial-based receptors. It is noteworthy that some researchers developed MIPtype nanomaterials for electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 detection with high stability and low LOD (fM) compared to the protein-based sensors [100,101].…”

How an ACE2 mimicking epitope-MIP nanofilm recognizes template-related peptides and the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2

“…In this respect, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which are fully synthetic biomimetic recognition elements may substitute antibodies in binding assays and sensors. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For the MIP-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 till now three different type of templates have been used for imprinting, 16 i.e., (i) the whole virus or virus-like particles 17,18 (ii) the N-protein, Sprotein or RBD [19][20][21][22][23][24] and recently (iii) exposed peptide regions of the spike protein, i.e. epitope imprinting.…”