Highly Tunable Molecularly Doped Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Foam Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Petroff, Christopher; Bina, Thomas F.; Hutchison, Geoffrey

doi:10.1021/acsaem.9b01061

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate the piezoelectric charge constant (d 33 ), force versus charge was plotted for each compression and the slope of the linear best fit was calculated using a robust linear regression (Figure S1, Supporting Information). A custom Python script was used to compute charge by integrating the current peaks over time; [34] the authors' previous script was modified to optimize the peak finding sensitivity and to use a robust linear regression. The script identified force peaks and subtracted off any baseline force; it then looked for the corresponding current peak and integrated it to calculate the resultant charge during the period of increasing applied force.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSAM devices consisting of one PU coated PCB facing one uncoated, SAM functionalized PCB were tested in a quasi-static manner before the piezoelectric response was calculated. Similar to our previous work, [34] the PSAM device was positioned in a testing apparatus where force was applied Each recorded measurement is the average of the values computed from three sequential, undisturbed test sequences, and each sample was tested at least five times with the PCBs of the PSAM device separated between measurements; sealed PSAM devices were not separated, but the preload force was removed and reapplied. As reported in our previous work, the system was tested on commercial ceramic piezoelectric materials to ensure accuracy.…”

Section: Sams Of Thiol-containing Oligopeptides Ranging In Length Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported in our previous work, the system was tested on commercial ceramic piezoelectric materials to ensure accuracy. [34] The collected data are simply the applied force and measured current or voltage-both as a function of time. To calculate the piezoelectric charge constant (d 33 ), force versus charge was plotted for each compression and the slope of the linear best fit was calculated using a robust linear regression ( Figure S1, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Sams Of Thiol-containing Oligopeptides Ranging In Length Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers

et al. 2021

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Flexible, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials are of considerable research interest for a variety of applications, but many suffer from low response or high cost to manufacture. Herein, novel piezoelectric force and touch sensors based on self-assembled monolayers of oligopeptides are presented which produce large piezoelectric voltage response and are easily manufactured without the need for electrical poling. While the devices generate modest piezoelectric charge constants (d33) of up to 9.8 pC N −1 , they exhibit immense piezoelectric voltage constants (g33) up to 2 V m N −1. Furthermore, a flexible device prototype is demonstrated that produces open-circuit voltages of nearly 6 V under gentle bending motion. Improvements in peptide selection and device construction promise to further improve the already outstanding voltage response and open the door to numerous practical applications. Piezoelectric materials find use in a wide range of applications from touch and vibration sensors [1] to energy harvesters [2] to micromechanical actuators. [3] These devices rely on the piezoelectric effect to interconvert mechanical stress and electrical charge. In the direct piezoelectric effect, an applied force produces a resultant charge, whereas, in the converse effect, an applied voltage causes a mechanical deformation. Most existing piezoelectric materials are hard, brittle, leadcontaining ceramics such as lead zirconium titanate (PZT). [4] As such, these materials have limited ranges of motion, are liable to crack, and are not bio-compatible. While there is a large research focus on developing flexible, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials, [5] much of this work has involved placing traditional piezoelectrics on or into flexible substrates, often sacrificing electrical performance for added flexibility and ease of manufacturing (i.e., d-values <200 pC N −1 instead of 500 pC N −1-600 pC N −1 for PZT). [2,6,7] In addition to well known piezoelectric polymers such as semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), researchers have begun to develop fundamentally new piezoelectric materials such as helicenes, amino acids, viruses, and peptides. [5,8-12]

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sams Of Thiol-containing Oligopeptides Ranging In Length Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sams Of Thiol-containing Oligopeptides Ranging In Length Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers

et al. 2021

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“…Foams are unique as they decouple the optimization of the electrical and mechanical properties of the PEHs. [129] Pore size and distribution can be tuned to optimize the mechanical properties and composition, and poling conditions can enhance the piezoelectric properties. A translucent, soft, and flexible spongelike piezoelectric PVDF thin film is shown in Figure 4B.…”

Section: Foam-based Pehmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting and Storage with Soft and Stretchable Materials

et al. 2021

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Soft robotics can interact with humans safely. 3) Devices built from stretchable materials have a greater mechanical degree of freedom. This allows electronics, displays, and sensors to be integrated into places that would be difficult or impossible with rigid devices and enables new types of human-computer interfaces. It also allows robotics to have enhanced levels of dexterity and complexity in movement (consider the octopus as an inspiring example). 4) Devices that can be deformed elastically can be engineered to have new or emerging properties, such as antennas that change frequency with elongation, [21] intelligent materials that can perform unconventional forms of logic, [22,23] or composites that change thermal conductivity, [24] electrical conductivity, [25] or dielectric properties with deformation. [26][27][28] Most robotic and electronic devices require electricity to function, as shown on the left side of Figure 1A. Electricity can power sensors, enable computation, drive locomotion, and transmit information. Although most devices use electricity from an outlet, such "tethered" devices create notable limitations. In addition to limiting the degree of freedom of robotic materials, plug-in devices must be within a chords-length of a functioning outlet, thereby confining the range of use of such devices. Although battery operated devices can operate for some time without being plugged-in, the need to do so periodically is at best a nuisance that limits the operating time of a device. At worst, it can lead to issues such as lack of compliance with wearable devices (that is, the device is taken off for charging and never put back on) or disruptions in operation (a particular problem for health care devices or remotely deployed devices). Thus, there is a compelling interest in harvesting energy from the ambient to create tetherless devices or even devices that need less charging. Figure 1A (right side) provides examples of applications that may benefit from harvesting, such as internetof-things (IOT) devices, soft robots, wearables, implantables, and deployables (that is, devices sent to remote locations that do not have electrical outlets). Energy Harvesting CategoriesStrategies to harness energy typically convert waste or otherwise unused energy from the ambient into electricity. Although This review highlights various modes of converting ambient sources of energy into electricity using soft and stretchable materials. These mechanical properties are useful for emerging classes of stretchable electronics, e-skins, bio-integrated wearables, and soft robotics. The ability to harness energy from the environment allows these types of devices to be tetherless, thereby leading to a greater range of motion (in the case of robotics), better compliance (in the case of wearables and e-skins), and increased application space (in the case of electronics). A variety of energy sources are available including mechanical (vibrations, human motion, wind/fluid motion), electromagnetic (radio frequency (RF), solar), and ther...

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Piezoelectric Polymeric Foams as Flexible Energy Harvesters: A Review

Ansari

Somdee

2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) have the potential to power low‐power electronic devices and can advance, self‐powered, autonomous electronics to the next level. Conventional ceramic‐based piezoelectrics have various properties such as fragility, rigidity, toxicity, high density, and lack of design flexibility which limit their use in more flexible environments. A ton of research has been carried out and published on novel piezomaterials, their transduction mechanisms, analytical models, and electrical circuits to improve various aspects of PEHs. Among these materials, studies on polymeric cellular (or foamed) ferroelectrets or piezoelectrets as PEHs have grown significantly since their discovery. Also, very limited or short reviews are available covering only few aspects. There is a necessity of recognizing their past and present advances in their various generation technology and polymer systems. Herein, a broader review of almost all conventional and recent polymeric foam‐based piezoelectrics for PEH applications is summarized. These cellular polymer piezoelectric systems either in bulk, composite, layered, or film form can be fabricated, and depending on the application and conditions, different polymers groups, mainly, polyolefins, polyester, fluoropolymer, and others, are considered. Their applications and future perspectives are also presented and discussed.

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Highly Tunable Molecularly Doped Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Foam Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers

Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers

Energy Harvesting and Storage with Soft and Stretchable Materials

Piezoelectric Polymeric Foams as Flexible Energy Harvesters: A Review

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