Hindlimb interarticular coordinations in<i>Microcebus murinus</i>in maximal leaping

Legreneur, Pierre; Thévenet, François-Régis; Libourel, Paul-Antoine; Monteil, Karine; Montuelle, Stéphane J.; Pouydebat, Emmanuelle; Bels, Vincent

doi:10.1242/jeb.041079

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The simulations reveal the sheer magnitude of the effect of isometric scaling on h : the model jumped 40 cm when human-sized, and only 6 cm when miniaturized to the size of Microcebus . This puts the 33 cm jump height of Microcebus [2] in a different perspective: Microcebus is not performing poorly compared to humans, as Borelli and his followers would have concluded, but instead jumps to more than five times the height expected on the basis of isometrically downscaling a human body. The same is true for other small mammals such as rats, which also seem to be able to achieve jump heights of 50 cm or more [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The human musculoskeletal model, with a mass of 82 kg, served as reference model ( L = 1). Microcebus has a mass of only 90–100 g [2], which is about one-thousandth of the reference mass. Therefore, L was chosen to run from 1 to 0.1 (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jump height (), defined as vertical displacement of the centre of mass (CM) in the airborne phase, has been found to vary substantially among differently sized primate species. For example, h is about 0.33 m in a 100 g grey mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ) [2], up to about 2 m in a 300 g bushbaby ( Galago senegalensis ) [3], up to 0.7 m in a 34 kg bonobo ( Pan paniscus ) [4] and typically about 0.4 m in a 75 kg human [5]. From the perspective of functional morphology, it is interesting to compare jumping performance among species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Isometric Scaling on Vertical Jumping Performance

Bobbert

2013

PLoS ONE

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Jump height, defined as vertical displacement in the airborne phase, depends on vertical takeoff velocity. For centuries, researchers have speculated on how jump height is affected by body size and many have adhered to what has come to be known as Borelli’s law, which states that jump height does not depend on body size per se. The underlying assumption is that the amount of work produced per kg body mass during the push-off is independent of size. However, if a big body is isometrically downscaled to a small body, the latter requires higher joint angular velocities to achieve a given takeoff velocity and work production will be more impaired by the force-velocity relationship of muscle. In the present study, the effects of pure isometric scaling on vertical jumping performance were investigated using a biologically realistic model of the human musculoskeletal system. The input of the model, muscle stimulation over time, was optimized using jump height as criterion. It was found that when the human model was miniaturized to the size of a mouse lemur, with a mass of about one-thousandth that of a human, jump height dropped from 40 cm to only 6 cm, mainly because of the force-velocity relationship. In reality, mouse lemurs achieve jump heights of about 33 cm. By implication, the unfavourable effects of the small body size of mouse lemurs on jumping performance must be counteracted by favourable effects of morphological and physiological adaptations. The same holds true for other small jumping animals. The simulations for the first time expose and explain the sheer magnitude of the isolated effects of isometric downscaling on jumping performance, to be counteracted by morphological and physiological adaptations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Isometric Scaling on Vertical Jumping Performance

Bobbert

2013

PLoS ONE

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“…In the animal kingdom there are large differences among species in performance during vertical jumping (Marsh and John-Alder, 1994;Aerts, 1998;Harris and Steudel, 2002;Legreneur et al, 2010;Bobbert et al, 2014). For comparison among different species, the performance of jumping is best defined as body mass-specific mean power output (P BMS,mean ) or leg muscle mass-specific mean power output (P MMS,mean ) during push-off.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping

Plas

Degens

Meijer

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The muscle mass-specific mean power output (P MMS,mean ) during push-off in jumping in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) is more than twice that in humans. In the present study it was tested whether this is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties. In biopsies of marmoset m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM) (N=4), fibre-type distribution was assessed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. In single fibres from four marmoset and nine human VL biopsies, the force-velocity characteristics were determined. Marmoset VL contained almost exclusively fast muscle fibres (>99.0%), of which 63% were type IIB and 37% were hybrid fibres, fibres containing multiple myosin heavy chains. GM contained 9% type I fibres, 44% type IIB and 47% hybrid muscle fibres. The proportions of fast muscle fibres in marmoset VL and GM were substantially larger than those reported in the corresponding human muscles. The curvature of the force-velocity relationships of marmoset type IIB and hybrid fibres was substantially flatter than that of human type I, IIA, IIX and hybrid fibres, resulting in substantially higher muscle fibre mass-specific peak power (P FMS,peak ). Muscle massspecific peak power output (P MMS,peak ) values of marmoset whole VL and GM, estimated from their fibre-type distributions and forcevelocity characteristics, were more than twice the estimates for the corresponding human muscles. As the relative difference in estimated P MMS,peak between marmosets and humans is similar to that of P MMS, mean during push-off in jumping, it is likely that the difference in in vivo mechanical output between humans and marmosets is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties.

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“…Fingertip trajectory concavity depends also on the spatial position of the target to reach and increase from ipsilateral to contralateral sides [20]. In human jumping and animal leaping, we showed that, whereas the magnitude of the velocity vector increased all along the CoM trajectory during push-off, its orientation was reached at 20% of total push-off time in Microcebus murinus [21] and at 40% in humans [22] and then remained constant. In other words, after an orientation phase of the body CoM, these species tend to maintain their trajectory linear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Control of Poly-Articular Chain Trajectory Using Temporal Sequence of Its Joints Displacements

Legreneur

Creveaux²,

Bels³

2011

ICA

Self Cite

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This paper discusses on the role of joint temporal sequence while moving a two-dimensional arm from an initial position to targets into the fingertip workspace in humans. For this purpose, we proposed a general monotonic model of joint asymmetric displacement. Optimization consisted in minimizing least square displacement of either fingertip or arm centre of mass from arm initial position to four targets located into fingertip workspace, i.e. contralaterally and ipsilaterally. Except for 60° ipsilateral target, results of the simulation presented in all cases temporal sequences of the shoulder, the elbow and the wrist. We concluded that primary function of proximal-to-distal or distal-to-proximal joint sequence is to flatten the trajectory of the fingertip or body centre of mass.

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Hindlimb interarticular coordinations inMicrocebus murinusin maximal leaping

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of Isometric Scaling on Vertical Jumping Performance

Effects of Isometric Scaling on Vertical Jumping Performance

Muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping

Control of Poly-Articular Chain Trajectory Using Temporal Sequence of Its Joints Displacements

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