Hippocampal electrical activity during the development of conditioned reflexes

Grastyán, E; Lissák, K; Madarász, I.; Donhoffer, H

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(59)90040-9

Cited by 557 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Clearly our results show that, at least in the dog, the behavlours which occur m relatmn with RSA are not covered by the term voluntary movements, as proposed for the rat by Vanderwolf et al (1973). Grastyfin et al (1959), working with cats, has proposed a correlatmn between RSA and the occurrence of the onentatton reflex. In the dog at any rate our results have shown that other reflex behaviour revolving a motor response finds its representation in the hippocampal EEG as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Hippocampal EEG and behaviour in dog. II. Hippocampal EEG correlates with elementary motor acts

Arnolds

Silva

Aitink

et al. 1979

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

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In previous studies (Lopes da Silva and Kamp 1969;Kamp et al. 1971;Arnolds et al. 1979), we have shown that there is a significant rhythmicity in the theta band of the dog's hippocampal EEG in the majority of behavioural states investigated (e.g. lying down, standing, eating, walking) and that transitions in motor behawour are correlated with shifts m amphtude, frequency and rhythmmity of the theta component m the hlppocampal EEG. These results m combination with data from the literature concerning rats, rabbits and cats Kemp and Kaada 1975) suggest that the spectral propertms of the dog's hlppocampal EEG reflect motor activity and sensory inputs in a non-specific but predmtable way, as was argued in our previous work Arnolds et al. 1979). In order to substantiate this notion further we designed an experiment to determine whether the mtenslty of motor behavmur is reflected m the hippocampal EEG (part I of this study).The motor behavioural correlates of the hlppocampal EEG are described in many cases m the hterature at the level of goal-d~rected behaviour (walkmg towards or away from a goal) or m the context of particular mot1- This led us to mvestlgate whether such elementary motor acts would also be correlated with the properties of the hippocampal EEG. Thus m parts II and III of this study we describe the hippocampal EEG correlate~of steps, sighs, and of a motor reflex. This paper is based on an mtensive longitudinal study of 2 dogs. This approach allows a precise comparison of the EEG and behavlOUt recorded in different but exactly reproducible situations m the same animal. A prehminary report on these mvestlgatlons has been pubhshed elsewhere . In both dogs the electrodes were placed in the caudal 'knee' of the hlppocampus near the CAl-subiculum border. The positions from which we recorded are indicated m Fig. 1 by round black dots. In Fig. 1B the squares indmate the positions of some other electrode tips in the same bundle. The uppermost yielded large amphtude theta rhythm with important high frequency components. The tip located m the pyramidal cell layer yielded a rather irregular EEG of smaller amplitude while the electrodes below the pyramidal cells all gave a highly isomorphm clear rhythmm slow activity (RSA). Hence one of these was used for analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Hippocampal EEG and behaviour in dog. II. Hippocampal EEG correlates with elementary motor acts

Arnolds

Silva

Aitink

et al. 1979

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Power spectral analysis of hippocampal LFPs during VPLT blocks revealed the presence of peaks throughout the theta frequency range (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), with the most prominent of these peaks occurring between 8 and 11 Hz (Fig. 1F and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This activity has been studied extensively in the rodent hippocampus (3)(4)(5), but it has also been described in bats (6), cats (7), and, more recently, humans (8)(9)(10)(11). In rodents, theta appears to show close temporal relationships with running (3,12) and sniffing (13), suggesting an association between theta and the rate of sensory input.…”

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confidence: 97%

Oscillatory activity in the monkey hippocampus during visual exploration and memory formation

Jutras¹,

Fries

Buffalo

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

253

266

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Primates explore the visual world through the use of saccadic eye movements. Neuronal activity in the hippocampus, a structure known to be essential for memory, is modulated by this saccadic activity, but the relationship between visual exploration through saccades and memory formation is not well understood. Here, we identify a link between theta-band (3-12 Hz) oscillatory activity in the hippocampus and saccadic activity in monkeys performing a recognition memory task. As monkeys freely explored novel images, saccades produced a theta-band phase reset, and the reliability of this phase reset was predictive of subsequent recognition. In addition, enhanced theta-band power before stimulus onset predicted stronger stimulus encoding. Together, these data suggest that hippocampal theta-band oscillations act in concert with active exploration in the primate and possibly serve to establish the optimal conditions for stimulus encoding.T he use of saccadic eye movements to acquire information about the surrounding environment is perhaps the most conspicuous example of exploratory behavior in the primate. This behavior provides a mechanism for parsing incoming information into discrete, stable segments (i.e., snapshots of individual elements comprising a complex visual scene, allowing time for sufficient processing to occur before moving to the next fixation target). This mechanism of actively sampling sensory information from the environment may be similar to the behaviors engaged in by rodents exploring their environment through such activities as sniffing and whisking. Specifically, the fixation period following each saccade may be homologous to the period of incoming sensory information accompanying each sniff cycle in the rodent (1). Recently, it has been suggested that motor behaviors associated with information gathering are integral to the "active sensing" process in natural behavior (2). It is plausible that there may exist certain common neuronal elements across species that are associated with active sensing processes, such that the neuronal mechanisms underlying the encoding of information are intimately connected with the motor activities involved in acquiring that information.In many mammalian species, voluntary, exploratory behaviors are often associated with theta-band activity, a prominent 3-to 12-Hz oscillatory activity in the hippocampus and other limbic structures. This activity has been studied extensively in the rodent hippocampus (3-5), but it has also been described in bats (6), cats (7), and, more recently, humans (8-11). In rodents, theta appears to show close temporal relationships with running (3, 12) and sniffing (13), suggesting an association between theta and the rate of sensory input. Although hippocampal theta has been identified in anesthetized monkeys (14), the lack of a clear demonstration of hippocampal theta in awake monkeys has been attributed to the fact that the recording methods typically require immobile, head-affixed monkeys, in contrast to rodent studies using freely moving ...

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“…Theories involving internal inhibition, such as those proposed by Douglas and Pribram (1966), Kimble (1968), and Douglas (1972), are contradicted by the fact that hippocampal lesions do not always impair conditioned inhibition. Theories involving attentional mechanisms, such as those of Grastyan et al (1959), Douglas (1972), Moore (1979), Solomon (1979), and Moore and Stickney (1980), can explain experiments such as latent inhibition, blocking, and overshadowing, which require a system's "tuning out" irrelevant information, rather than the attentional shift mechanism proposed by Smythies (1966), Kimble (1968), Pribram and Isaacson (1975), and Gray et al (1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suggested that the hippocampal function might be better described in terms of the computations the hippocampus carries out, rather than in terms of a psychological function. Grastyan et al, (1959): Inhibition of the Orienting Response to Irrelevant Stimuli Grastyan, Lissak, Madarasz, and Donhoffer (1959) proposed that the hippocampus inhibited the orienting response to nonsignificant stimuli. This function is correlated with its desynchronized electrical activity, such that when theta appears the inhibition disappears.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological theories of hippocampal function

Schmajuk

1984

Psychobiology

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Theories and models of the hippocampus have typically linked this structure to various psychological processes, for example, internal inhibition, response inhibition, attentional shift, attentional "tuning out," recognition memory, long-term memory selection, contextual retrieval, spatial memory, working memory, and chunking. Predictions made from various models are contrasted with reproducible hippocampal lesion data obtained from various experimental paradigms: habituation to novelty, acquisition, extinction, discrimination reversal, spontaneous alternation, latent inhibition, blocking, overshadowing, passive avoidance, maze learning, working memory procedures, latent learning, retrograde spatial memory, and conditioned inhibition. No single model correctly predicts all the empirical evidence. It is suggested that the hippocampal function, rather than subserving a unitary psychological function, might be better described as a computational-representational activity.

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Hippocampal electrical activity during the development of conditioned reflexes

Cited by 557 publications

References 18 publications

Hippocampal EEG and behaviour in dog. II. Hippocampal EEG correlates with elementary motor acts

Hippocampal EEG and behaviour in dog. II. Hippocampal EEG correlates with elementary motor acts

Oscillatory activity in the monkey hippocampus during visual exploration and memory formation

Psychological theories of hippocampal function

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