Hippocampal Volume and Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Patients With Depression and Healthy Controls

Fujii, Rintaro; Watanabe, Keita; Okamoto, Naomichi; Natsuyama, Tomoya; Tesen, Hirofumi; Igata, Ryohei; Konishi, Yuki; Ikenouchi, Atsuko; Kakeda, Shingo; Yoshimura, Reiji

doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.857293

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We also ensured that no HC had a history of serious medical and neurological diseases or a family history of major psychiatric or neurological diseases among their first-degree relatives. Although our study population overlaps in part with several of our previously published studies (39,40), no study has analyzed the correlation between cortical gyrification, plasma BDNF levels, and psychiatric symptoms.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrification patterns in first-episode, drug-naïve major depression: Associations with plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and psychiatric symptoms

Natsuyama

Okamoto²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Background and objectivesCortical structural changes in major depressive disorder (MDD) are usually studied using a voxel-based morphometry approach to delineate the cortical gray matter volume. Among cortical structures, gyrification patterns are considered a relatively stable indicator. In this study, we investigated differences in gyrification patterns between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and explored the association of gyrification patterns with plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and depressive symptoms in MDD patients.MethodsWe evaluated 79 MDD patients and 94 HCs and assessed depression severity in the patients using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Blood samples of both groups were collected to measure plasma BDNF levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained using three-dimensional fast-spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition. Differences in plasma BDNF levels between groups were examined using the Mann–Whitney U test. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted to investigate the gyrification patterns which were significantly different between the groups, i.e., those with variable importance in projection (VIP) scores of >1.5 and p-value < 0.05 in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. Finally, multiple regression analysis was performed on the selected gyrification patterns to examine their association with BDNF levels in the two groups and HAM-D in the patients.ResultsThere were no significant differences in plasma BDNF levels between the groups. We found that 108 (71.0%) of 152 total local gyrification indices were MDD < HC. We identified 10 disease-differentiating factors based on critical gyrification features (VIP > 1.5 and p-value adjusted for age and sex < 0.05). However, we found no significant correlations between the 10 gyrification patterns and plasma BDNF levels and no interaction with group. Moreover, no significant correlations were observed between the local gyrification indices and HAM-D total scores.ConclusionThese results suggest that abnormal early cortical neurodevelopment may mediate vulnerability to MDD, independent of plasma BDNF levels and depressive symptoms.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrification patterns in first-episode, drug-naïve major depression: Associations with plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and psychiatric symptoms

Natsuyama

Okamoto²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…The hippocampus is linked to the pathogenesis of depression, and numerous studies have confirmed its morphological changes. 13,14 This study found that the volumes of the left CA4, left GC-ML-DG, and right presubiculum were significantly decreased in MDD group, and the glutamate concentration was associated with the hippocampal volume. Glutamate homeostasis is seen to be an important component of mood disorder neurobiology, and the glutamate-glutamine cycle plays an important role in glutamate homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Many studies have confirmed that patients with depression have reduced overall and subregional hippocampal volumes compared with those in the control group. [13][14][15] Overall, hippocampal volume loss is a recognized neuroimaging finding in patients with MDD, but its significance and etiology remain unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The hippocampus, which participates in learning, memory formation, emotion regulation, voluntary behavior, and neuroendocrine activity, 11,12 is one of the key parts of the limbic system and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Many studies have confirmed that patients with depression have reduced overall and subregional hippocampal volumes compared with those in the control group 13–15 . Overall, hippocampal volume loss is a recognized neuroimaging finding in patients with MDD, but its significance and etiology remain unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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GluCEST Imaging and Structural Alterations of the Bilateral Hippocampus in First‐Episode and Early‐Onset Major Depression Disorder

Zeng

Dong

Zou

et al. 2023

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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BackgroundGlutamate dysregulation is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD), and glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) has been used for glutamate measurement in some brain diseases but rarely in depression.PurposeTo investigate the GluCEST changes in hippocampus in MDD and the relationship between glutamate and hippocampal subregional volumes.Study TypeCross‐sectional.SubjectsThirty‐two MDD patients (34% males; 22.03 ± 7.21 years) and 47 healthy controls (HCs) (43% males; 22.00 ± 3.28 years).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) for three‐dimensional T1‐weighted images, two‐dimensional turbo spin echo GluCEST, and multivoxel chemical shift imaging (CSI) for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS).AssessmentGluCEST data were quantified by magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) analysis and assessed by the relative concentration of 1H MRS‐measured glutamate. FreeSurfer was used for hippocampus segmentation.Statistical TestsThe independent sample t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and partial correlation analysis were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the left hippocampus, GluCEST values were significantly decreased in MDD (2.00 ± 1.08 [MDD] vs. 2.62 ± 1.41 [HCs]) and showed a significantly positive correlation with Glx/Cr (r = 0.37). GluCEST values were significantly positively correlated with the volumes of CA1 (r = 0.40), subiculum (r = 0.40) in the left hippocampus and CA1 (r = 0.51), molecular_layer_HP (r = 0.50), GC‐ML‐DG (r = 0.42), CA3 (r = 0.44), CA4 (r = 0.44), hippocampus‐amygdala‐transition‐area (r = 0.46), and the whole hippocampus (r = 0.47) in the right hippocampus. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores showed significantly negative correlations with the volumes of the left presubiculum (r = −0.40), left parasubiculum (r = −0.47), and right presubiculum (r = −0.41).Data ConclusionGluCEST can be used to measure glutamate changes and help to understand the mechanism of hippocampal volume loss in MDD. Hippocampal volume changes are associated with disease severity.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1

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“…Given that recent studies have shown alterations in emerging biomarkers such as brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurofilament light chain (axonal damage) that reflect possible pathophysiologies involved in mood disorders [52,53], measuring the potential effects of nutraceuticals on these biomarkers may provide vital mechanistic information. A recent review has postulated the involvement of nutritional interventions in altering BDNF concentrations [54].…”

Section: Andandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceuticals in mood disorders: current knowledge and future directions

Travica

Teasdale

Marx

2022

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

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Purpose of reviewThere is a large evidence base of clinical trials that have investigated the efficacy of a range of nutraceuticals on mood disorders. The aim of the current review is to provide an update regarding the efficacy and safety of nutraceutical agents in mood disorders and to highlight considerations for future research.Recent findingsNutraceuticals such as omega-3, probiotics, zinc, saffron and curcumin have been recommended as adjunctive interventions to standard treatments for people with depression, while St John's wort has been recommended as a monotherapy. In contrast, less research has been devoted to investigating the effect of nutraceuticals in bipolar disorder, with omega-3 being weakly recommended as an adjunctive to standard treatments. Although the safety profile of most nutraceuticals appears acceptable, more insight into the long-term effects within a range of cohorts is recommended.SummaryThere are a number of nutraceuticals that have clinical trial support for their use as either adjunctive interventions for depression; however, there is mostly limited support for their use in bipolar disorder. Further randomized controlled trials that take into consideration a number of emerging mechanisms, potential nutraceutical combinations and factors that may predict treatment response are required to inform clinical use.

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Hippocampal Volume and Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Patients With Depression and Healthy Controls

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Gyrification patterns in first-episode, drug-naïve major depression: Associations with plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and psychiatric symptoms

Gyrification patterns in first-episode, drug-naïve major depression: Associations with plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and psychiatric symptoms

GluCEST Imaging and Structural Alterations of the Bilateral Hippocampus in First‐Episode and Early‐Onset Major Depression Disorder

Nutraceuticals in mood disorders: current knowledge and future directions

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