Hippocampus and amygdalar volumes in patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Gürok, Mehmet Gürkan; Korucu, Tuba; Kılıç, Mehmet; Yıldırım, Hanefi; Atmaca, Murad

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.060

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Further, the agonists of this receptor are reported to enhance the neuroplasticity in the hippocampus area of the brain through a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) circuit (Townsend et al, 2016). The volume and function of this area of the brain, in turn, is related to the symptom profile of OCD (Gurok et al, 2019; Reess et al, 2018). In conclusion, some possible pathways that can explain the benefits of tropisetron augmentation to fluvoxamine have been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvoxamine combination therapy with tropisetron for obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

et al. 2019

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Background: About 50% of obsessive-compulsive disorder patients still suffer significant symptoms even after the recommended first-line therapy. This demonstrates the necessity to investigate strategies to improve alleviation of symptoms. Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a 5-hydroxytryptophan 3 receptor antagonist, tropisetron, as an adjuvant therapy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in ameliorating obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Methods: Men and women between the ages of 18–60 years diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, based on DSM5, who had a Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale score of more than 21 were recruited in a double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of 10 weeks to receive either tropisetron (5 mg twice daily) and fluvoxamine (100 mg daily initially followed by 200 mg daily after week 4) or placebo and fluvoxamine. The primary outcome of interest in this study was the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale total score decrease from baseline. Results: One hundred and eight participants were equally randomized into two groups; 48 participants in each group finished the trial. The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive total score significantly dropped in both groups while the tropisetron group participants experienced a significantly higher decrease in their scores (Greenhouse-Geisser F(1.53–65.87)=3.516, p-value=0.04). No major adverse effect was observed in any of the groups. Conclusion: This trial showed a significant efficacy for tropisetron over placebo in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms when added to fluvoxamine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvoxamine combination therapy with tropisetron for obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

et al. 2019

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“…Similarly to the remaining acquisition function, the retrieval and generalization parts of the test phase, which primarily depend upon the function of the hippocampus-mediotemporal lobe-a system that is less involved in the pathogenesis of OCD (33) than the basal ganglia-frontal cortex loops-were not altered either. Recent results have described some morphological changes in the hippocampi of adult OCD patients, but this has not yet been described in children and adolescents with the same disorder (36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Maintained Visual-, Auditory-, and Multisensory-Guided Associative Learning Functions in Children With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

et al. 2020

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Sensory-guided acquired equivalence learning, a specific kind of non-verbal associative learning, is associated with the frontal cortex–basal ganglia loops and hippocampi, which seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In this study, we asked whether visual-, auditory-, and multisensory-guided associative acquired equivalence learning is affected in children with OCD. The first part of the applied learning paradigm investigated association building between two different sensory stimuli (where feedback was given about the correctness of the choices), a task that critically depends upon the basal ganglia. During the test phases, which primarily depended upon the hippocampi, the earlier learned and hitherto not shown but predictable associations were asked about without feedback. This study involved 31 children diagnosed with OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V) criteria and 31 matched healthy control participants. The children suffering from OCD had the same performance as the control children in all phases of the applied visual-, auditory-, and multisensory-guided associative learning paradigms. Thus, both the acquisition and test phases were not negatively affected by OCD. The reaction times did not differ between the two groups, and the applied medication had no effect on the performances of the OCD patients. Our results support the findings that the structural changes of basal ganglia and hippocampi detected in adult OCD patients are not as pronounced in children, which could be the explanation of the maintained associative equivalence learning functions in children suffering from OCD.

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“…The decreased gray matter volume of these areas most obviously affects decision-making and correlates with anxious tendencies such as avoidance behavior ( Reetz et al, 2008 ). Furthermore, OCPD patients have decreased amygdala, hippocampus ( Gurok et al, 2019 ), and OFC volumes, and higher volume in the thalamus ( Atmaca et al, 2019 ), suggesting difficulties with memory, emotional processing, and conscious attention. An fMRI study showed greater functional connectivity within the precuneus, a region that controls memory retrieval and manipulation, in OCPD adults when compared to healthy controls ( Coutinho et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: The Neuroscience Of Overlapping Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology of misophonia and implications for novel, neuroscience-driven interventions

et al. 2022

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Decreased tolerance in response to specific every-day sounds (misophonia) is a serious, debilitating disorder that is gaining rapid recognition within the mental health community. Emerging research findings suggest that misophonia may have a unique neural signature. Specifically, when examining responses to misophonic trigger sounds, differences emerge at a physiological and neural level from potentially overlapping psychopathologies. While these findings are preliminary and in need of replication, they support the hypothesis that misophonia is a unique disorder. In this theoretical paper, we begin by reviewing the candidate networks that may be at play in this complex disorder (e.g., regulatory, sensory, and auditory). We then summarize current neuroimaging findings in misophonia and present areas of overlap and divergence from other mental health disorders that are hypothesized to co-occur with misophonia (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder). Future studies needed to further our understanding of the neuroscience of misophonia will also be discussed. Next, we introduce the potential of neurostimulation as a tool to treat neural dysfunction in misophonia. We describe how neurostimulation research has led to novel interventions in psychiatric disorders, targeting regions that may also be relevant to misophonia. The paper is concluded by presenting several options for how neurostimulation interventions for misophonia could be crafted.

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Hippocampus and amygdalar volumes in patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Fluvoxamine combination therapy with tropisetron for obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Fluvoxamine combination therapy with tropisetron for obsessive-compulsive disorder patients: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial

Maintained Visual-, Auditory-, and Multisensory-Guided Associative Learning Functions in Children With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

The neurobiology of misophonia and implications for novel, neuroscience-driven interventions

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