Hirsutism in Kashmir: An etiological study

Ahmad, Qazi Masood; Shah, Iffat Hassan; Sameem, Farah; Kamili, Qurat-ul-ain; Sultan, Javeed

doi:10.4103/0019-5154.48997

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[18192021] Menstrual irregularities reported in 43% of our patients was also in agreement and disagreement with other studies. [1718192021] Contradictory to previous reports 80% of our patients were married with 26.3% having a history of infertility. [1820]…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Aswini

Jayapalan

2017

Int J Trichol

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Background:Hirsutism is the presence of terminal hair in females in males pattern. It occurs in 5%–15% of women. Modified Ferriman–Gallwey (mFG) score of ≥ 8 is considered hirsutism, but there are populations with a low mFG score. In clinical practice, hirsutism is subjective. Although hirsutism is considered as a purely esthetic problem, it is associated with many underlying disorders, especially androgen excess disorders. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) disease is the most common cause of androgen excess in females, and there are reports of its association with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome occurs alone in hirsutism.Aims:To assess mFG score in patients who consider themselves as hirsute. To study the association between metabolic syndrome and hirsutism.Methods:Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. The severity of hirsutism was assessed using mFG score and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the American Heart Association criteria. mFG score was expressed as mean and Student's t-test and Chi-square statistic were used as the tests of significance. Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:The mean mFG score was 5.5. Metabolic syndrome was present in 44%. About 65.2% of patients with score ≥8 had metabolic syndrome, whereas only 37.7% of patients with score <8 had metabolic syndrome (P = 0.019). Metabolic syndrome (P = 0.018) and PCOS (P = 0.003) were the significant variables in logistic regression analysis. Triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dl and waist circumference ≥88 cm were the components of metabolic syndrome that were significantly associated with hirsutism (P = 0.006 in both).Conclusions:To find the ideal cutoff of mFG score to define hirsutism in our population, a population study among females in the reproductive age group has to be conducted. As there is a definite association of hirsutism and metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome can result in cardiovascular complications, any women presenting with terminal hair in a male pattern should be evaluated for metabolic syndrome irrespective of the mFG score.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…[1718192021] Contradictory to previous reports 80% of our patients were married with 26.3% having a history of infertility. [1820]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Aswini

Jayapalan

2017

Int J Trichol

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“…These findings are in disagreement with study by Ahmad et al . [13] who found IH in 80%, PCOS in 11.43%, hypothyroidism in 5.70%, and NCAH in 2.86% hirsute patients. Similarly, Malik et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hirsutism: A Clinico-investigative Study

et al. 2012

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Background:Hirsutism is a common clinical condition characterized by presence of terminal hair at body sites under androgenic influence. Inspite of the significant worldwide prevalence of hirsutism, studies on hirsutism from India are not many.Objective:To assess the etiology of hirsutism and correlate its severity with underlying causes and various hormone levels.Materials and Methods:In this prospective study, 40 patients of hirsutism enrolled on first come basis were included. All patients underwent detailed clinical assessment and transabdominal ultrasonography. Free and total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, free tri-iodothyronine, free tetra-iodothyronine, and thyroid stimulating hormone, and sex hormone binding globulin were estimated. Forty age-matched controls without features of hyperandrogenemia were included for the comparison.Results:Thirteen (32.5%) patients had mild, 52.5% had moderate whereas 15% had severe hirsutism. Positive family history was documented in 42.5% patients. The clinical features found to be associated with hirsutism included acne (55%), menstrual irregularities (40%), acanthosis nigricans (37.5%), obesity (37.5%), and androgenetic alopecia in 27.5% of patients. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was the underlying cause in 70%, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hypothyroidism in 7.5% each whereas idiopathic hirsutism was found in 15% patients.Conclusion:PCOS was the most common cause of hirsutism found in the instant study. Further, there was positive correlation between severity of hirsutism and free testosterone levels.

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“…[4] Multiple other cutaneous morphologies are possible; many are quite rare, although the incidence is difficult to determine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous sarcoidosis - a great masquerader: A report of three interesting cases

2011

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It is a known fact that cutaneous sarcoidosis is a great imitator in dermatology. We report three cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis without systemic involvement and with varied dermatologic presentation with regard to age and morphology. Lesions mimicked various common dermatologic conditions, causing great confusion for the diagnosis and posing problems for management. Awareness of these varied morphologic presentations is essential for the early diagnosis and management of the master mimicker - cutaneous sarcoidosis.

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Hirsutism in Kashmir: An etiological study

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score in hirsutism and its association with metabolic syndrome

Hirsutism: A Clinico-investigative Study

Cutaneous sarcoidosis - a great masquerader: A report of three interesting cases

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