Hirsutism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Management

Spritzer, Poli Mara; Barone, Carolina Rocha; Oliveira, Fabiana Bazanella de

doi:10.2174/1381612822666160720151243

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…PCOS is a low-grade inflammatory state (21); women with PCOS have higher levels of inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), and interleukin 6 (IL6), independent of associated obesity (22). Over a lifetime, PCOS is associated with a higher risk of menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, anovulatory infertility, spontaneous abortion, obesity, and obesity-linked co-morbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular pathologies, in addition to endometrial adenocarcinoma (20,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). PCOS reduces quality of life, resulting in more frequent depressive episodes and suicide in women affected by this disease (28).…”

Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding?

Żeber‐Lubecka

Hennig

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are endocrine disorders that commonly occur among young women. A higher prevalence of HT in women with PCOS, relative to healthy individuals, is observed consistently. Combined occurrence of both diseases is associated with a higher risk of severe metabolic and reproductive complications. Genetic factors strongly impact the pathogenesis of both PCOS and HT and several susceptibility loci associated with a higher risk of both disorders have been identified. Furthermore, some candidate gene polymorphisms are thought to be functionally relevant; however, few genetic variants are proposed to be causally associated with the incidence of both disorders together.

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Section: Polycystic Ovary Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding?

Żeber‐Lubecka

Hennig

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…It is one of the main characteristics of hyperandrogenism in PCOS. The incidence of hirsutism in PCOS women ranges between 60 and 80% [25][26][27][28]. The extent of hirsutism also varies with the ethnicity of the population.…”

Section: Hirsutismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review

Ashraf

Nabi

Rasool

et al. 2019

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

117

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The pathophysiology of PCOS is not clear; however, disturbance in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and abnormal steroidogenesis along with genetic and environmental factors act as main contributors to this disorder. Main text: Hyperandrogenism, the hallmark feature of PCOS, is clinically manifested as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. Excessive androgen production by ovaries as well as from adrenals contributes to hyperandrogenism. Abnormalities in the neuroendocrine system like increased pulse frequency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, stimulating the pituitary for excessive production of luteinizing hormone than that of follicle-stimulating hormone is seen in PCOS women. Excess LH stimulates ovarian androgen production, whereas a relative deficit in FSH impairs follicular development. The imbalance in LH: FSH causes proliferation of ovarian theca cells leading to increased steroidogenesis, and ultimately leading to hyperandrogenism in PCOS women. Various genetic factors have been shown to be associated with abnormal steroidogenesis. CYP genes involved in steroidogenesis play an important role in androgen production and are considered as key players in hyperandrogenism in PCOS. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in CYP genes can aggravate the hyperandrogenic phenotype in women with PCOS by either upregulating or downregulating their expression, thus increasing androgens further. However, this hypothesis needs to be validated by further studies.

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“…The prevalence of hirsutism in PCOS ranges from 70-80% versus 4% to 11% in women in the general population (22). Hirsutism in PCOS is associated with both ovarian derived androgen excess and individual sensitivity of the pilosebaceous unit to androgens.…”

Section: Hirsutism In Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Hirsutism

Serour

2016

The Egypt. J. of Fert.y of Steri.

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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOS) affected 5-15% of women and is the commonest cause of hirsutism in women. The prevalence of hirsutism in PCOS patients is 70-80% compared with 4%-11% in women in the general population. Methods: A search in the Medline, Pub Med, Cochrane library database and Embase was made. Prospective randomized trials, systematic reviews,meta-analysis and retrospective studies on hirsutism and PCOS were extracted and reviewed. Evidence for the different outcomes and recommendations for interventions were used on the best available data. Review of Evidence: Evidence revealed that there is no universal agreement on the definition of PCOS. The NIH, ESHRE and ASRM and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society use different definitions based on the three criteria of Oligo anovulation (OA), biochemical or clinical hyperandrogenamia (HA) and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Moleular pathways modulating androgen biosynthesis and their relationship to insulin metabolism have enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS and its therapy. Hirsutism in PCOS is due to excess production of ovarian androgen driven by high level of LH. Life style modification and loss of body weight in PCOS patient complaining of hirsutism should be advised. Effective medical treatment includes, combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs), antiandrogens or combined CHCs and antiandrogens. Insulin sentizers are also useful when there is associated hyperinsulinaemia. Short term and long term effective methods for treatment of hirsutism are also available and effective. Conclusion: The strategy for management of PCOS patients with hirsutism should be patient centered. Medical treatment and cosmetic treatment are effective. Long term sequela of PCOS should not be overlooked..

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Hirsutism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Management

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding?

Genetic Susceptibility to Joint Occurrence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: How Far Is Our Understanding?

Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome and role of CYP gene variants: a review

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Hirsutism

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