Histo-blood group antigens: a common niche for norovirus and rotavirus

Tan, Ming; Jiang, Xi

doi:10.1017/erm.2014.2

Cited by 137 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…NoVs are further divided into over 30 genotypes classified into five genogroups; two of these (GI and GII) cause major epidemics of acute gastroenteritis in humans, while the remaining three (GIII to GV) mainly infect animals. Both GI and GII human NoVs recognize the human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in a strain-specific manner as potential receptors or attachment factors (4)(5)(6)(7), and a number of patterns of binding to different ABO, secretor, and Lewis antigens have been described (8). Human NoVs are difficult to study due to the lack of an in vitro culture method and animal models (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tulane Virus Recognizes the A Type 3 and B Histo-Blood Group Antigens

Zhang

Huang

Zou

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Tulane virus (TV), the prototype of the Recovirus genus in the calicivirus family, was isolated from the stools of rhesus monkeys and can be cultivated in vitro in monkey kidney cells. TV is genetically closely related to the genus Norovirus and recognizes the histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), similarly to human noroviruses (NoVs), making it a valuable surrogate for human NoVs. However, the precise structures of HBGAs recognized by TV remain elusive. In this study, we performed binding and blocking experiments on TV with extended HBGA types and showed that, while TV binds all four types (types 1 to 4) of the B antigens, it recognizes only the A type 3 antigen among four types of A antigens tested. The requirements for HBGAs in TV replication were demonstrated by blocking of TV replication in cell culture using the A type 3/4 and B saliva samples. Similar results were also observed in oligosaccharide-based blocking assays. Importantly, the previously reported, unexplained increase in TV replication by oligosaccharide in cell-based blocking assays has been clarified, which will facilitate the application of TV as a surrogate for human NoVs. IMPORTANCEOur understanding of the role of HBGAs in NoV infection has been significantly advanced in the past decade, but direct evidence for HBGAs as receptors for human NoVs remains lacking due to a lack of a cell culture method. TV recognizes HBGAs and can replicate in vitro, providing a valuable surrogate for human NoVs. However, TV binds to some but not all saliva samples from A-positive individuals, and an unexplained observation of synthetic oligosaccharide blocking of TV binding has been reported. These issues have been resolved in this study.

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confidence: 99%

Tulane Virus Recognizes the A Type 3 and B Histo-Blood Group Antigens

Zhang

Huang

Zou

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The central binding pocket of the GII.4/ NoV/VA387 strain fits well with an ␣-fucose, and VA387 VLPs used ␣-1,2-fucose as the major binding saccharide (H epitope) (28). Lectins, plant-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins, are highly specific for sugar moieties and can be used to test binding specificity by blocking NoV VLP binding sites (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Human HBGAs are complex carbohydrates distributed mainly on red blood cells and mucosal epithelia of the genitourinary, respiratory, and digestive tracts (29), and they are also present as free oligosaccharides in the secretions (including biologic fluids, such as saliva, intestinal content, and milk) of secretor-positive individuals (28). HuNoV/GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs bound to pig duodenal and buccal tissues expressing either A or H antigens (23), and HuNoV/GI.1 VLPs also bound to A antigens in oyster gastrointestinal cells (24,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these results suggest the important role of HBGAs in specific HuNoV binding. HBGAs are synthesized from disaccharide precursors (types I and II) through sequential additions of sugar residues with specific linkages catalyzed by three different glycosyltransferases (28). Lewis (Le), O secretor/nonsecretor (Se Ϫ ), and AB phenotypes are the products of FUT3 (␣-1,3-or ␣-1,4-fucosyltransferase), FUT2 (␣-1,2-fucosyltransferase), and two glycosyltransferases (A and B), respectively (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition of Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Carbohydrates in Lettuce by Human GII.4 Norovirus

Gao

Esseili

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) strains account for about 80% of the gastroenteritis outbreaks in the United States. Contaminated food is a major transmission vehicle for this virus. In humans, pigs, and oysters, histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) act as attachment factors for HuNoVs. In lettuce, although the virus-like particles (VLPs) of a GII.4 HuNoV were found to bind to cell wall carbohydrates, the exact binding site has not been investigated. Here, we show the presence of HBGA-like carbohydrates in the cell wall of lettuce. The digestion of lettuce leaves with cell wall-degrading enzymes exposed more binding sites and significantly increased the level of binding of GII.4 HuNoV VLPs. Competition assays showed that both the HBGA monoclonal antibody, recognizing the H type, and plant lectins, recognizing ␣-L-fucose in the H type, effectively inhibited VLP binding to lettuce tissues. Lettuce cell wall components were isolated and their NoV VLP binding characteristics were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The binding was inhibited by pretreatment of the lettuce cell wall materials with ␣-1,2-fucosidase. Collectively, our results indicate that H-type HBGA-like carbohydrates exist in lettuce tissues and that GII.4 HuNoV VLPs can bind the exposed fucose moiety, possibly in the hemicellulose component of the cell wall. IMPORTANCE Salad crops and fruits are increasingly recognized as vehicles for human norovirus (HuNoV) transmission. A recent studyshowed that HuNoVs specifically bind to the carbohydrates of the lettuce cell wall. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are carbohydrates and are known as the attachment factors for HuNoV infection in humans. In this study, we show the presence of HBGA-like carbohydrates in lettuce, to which HuNoVs specifically bind. These results suggest that specifically bound HuNoVs cannot be removed by simple washing, which may allow viral transmission to consumers. Our findings provide new information needed for developing potential inhibitors to block binding and prevent contamination. Foodborne illnesses constitute a recurring public health burden, with an estimated 9.4 million illnesses and 1,351 deaths annually in the United States (1). Currently, most illnesses (58%) are caused by human noroviruses (HuNoVs), and others are caused by human bacterial pathogens, such as nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. (11%) and Clostridium perfringens (10%) (1). Noroviruses (NoVs) are nonenveloped single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Norovirus genus of the family Caliciviridae. NoVs have been classified into five genogroups (GI-GV), and GI, GII, and GIV viruses cause gastroenteritis in humans (2). Each NoV genogroup is further subdivided into several genotypes based on genetic similarities. As a single genogroup, GII currently accounts for about 86% of HuNoV cases (3, 4). HuNoVs have a very low infectious dose, and the 50% infective dose (ID 50 ) was estimated as about 18 viruses and 2,800 genomic equivalents (GEs) (5, 6). Moreover, NoVs are extremely...

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“…Rotaviruses and other bacterial pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, have also been found to recognize HBGAs [25].…”

Section: Norovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis: limits and potential of currently available procedures

Sidoti

Rittá

Costa

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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The diagnostic approaches to viral gastroenteritis have evolved substantially over the past decades because of the advances in detection methods, the emergence of new pathogens, and the increase in diarrhea hospitalizations attributed to viruses, especially in young children in non-industrialized countries. Overall, these factors have lead to a relevant improvement of types and operating characteristics of diagnostic methods (including sensitivity and specificity), as well as turnaround time. In this review, clinical and laboratory approaches to the diagnosis of viruses causing gastroenteritis are presented; in particular, specimen collection and detection methods are reviewed and discussed, taking into account performance and limitations.

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Histo-blood group antigens: a common niche for norovirus and rotavirus

Cited by 137 publications

References 106 publications

Tulane Virus Recognizes the A Type 3 and B Histo-Blood Group Antigens

Tulane Virus Recognizes the A Type 3 and B Histo-Blood Group Antigens

Recognition of Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Like Carbohydrates in Lettuce by Human GII.4 Norovirus

Diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis: limits and potential of currently available procedures

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