Histochemical and Cytochemical Investigations of Phenols in Roots of Banana Infected by the Burrowing Nematode Radopholus similis

Abstract

The burrowing nematode Radopholus similis is one of the most damaging pathogens on banana plantations. The role of phenolics in plant defense responses to the nematode was histochemically and ultrastructurally investigated in susceptible and partially resistant cultivars. Histochemical observations of healthy roots revealed that high levels of lignin, flavonoids, dopamine, cafeic esters, and ferulic acids were associated with a very low rate of nematode root penetration in the resistant cultivar. The presence of lignified and suberized layers in endodermal cells contributed to limit invasion of the vascular bundle by the pathogen. After infection, flavonoids were seen to accumulate early in walls of cells close to the nematode-migrating channel in both cultivars and in all tissues of the infected resistant roots including the vascular tissues. The labeling pattern obtained with the gold-complexed laccase and with anti-pectin monoclonal antibodies showed that phenolics were distributed in a loosened pectin-rich material surrounding the nematode. This study provides indications that constitutive phenolics in banana roots are associated with the limitation of host penetration and colonization by R. similis. Accumulation of flavonoids in response to infection was detected in the vascular tissues of susceptible plants and in all root tissues in the partially resistant plants.

Histochemical aspects of wheat resistance to leaf blast mediated by silicon

“…tritici. Valette et al (1998) detected the deposition of flavonoids in the cell walls of the roots of a partially resistant banana cultivar infected by Radopholus similis.…”

The Synthesis and Storage Sites of Phenolic Compounds in the Root and Rhizome of <i>Echinacea purpurea</i>

“…Neu's solution is the standard test solution for localization of phenolic compounds in plants, in which borate will react with the phenolic compounds and form a complex, which will generate fluorescence of special color under certain conditions [17,18]. Astandard cichoric acid emits yellow green fluorescence (Figure 1(H)).…”

Seduhan daun dan buah jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) untuk mengendalikan nematoda perongga akar Radopholus similis secara in vitro

“…Saat berada di dalam jaringan akar R. similis memakan sitoplasma dari sel yang berada di dekatnya, sehingga menyebabkan jaringan akar berongga. Karena gejala yang ditumbulkan tersebut R. similis juga dikenal sebagai nematoda perongga akar (Valette et al 1998;Jones et al 2013).…”