Histochemical and geometric alterations of sapwood in coastal Douglas-fir following mechanical damage during commercial thinning

Kiser, Jim

doi:10.14214/sf.447

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Damage to the residual stand after logging operations may lead to serious economic loss in terms of both lower timber quality at final harvesting (Kiser 2011) and possible tree growth reduction (Vasiliauskas 2001). However, research on the effect of damage on tree growth has had contradictory results (Vasiliauskas 2001;Picchio et al 2011Picchio et al , 2018.…”

Section: Consequences Of Damage and Possible Avoidance Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Analysis of Residual Stand Damage Due to Winching on Steep Terrains

Picchio

Tavankar

Bonyad

et al. 2019

Small-scale Forestry

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Damage to the remaining stand on steep terrain can be quite severe and is usually difficult to control during winching. Timber skidding, especially by agricultural tractor, is a common solution in small-scale forestry. One of the factors influencing remaining stand damage is winching on steep terrain, although, to date, this has only been studied in general. Limiting stand damage is possible when the factors causing the damage are well-known. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study in detail the impact of slope steepness on different types of damage in the stand after winching, focusing in particular on: (1) the share of trees with damage (including natural regeneration), (2) the size of the wound, (3) the number of wounds per tree, (4) wound intensity, and (5) the position of the wound on a tree. Field observations were carried out in three beech (two in Italy and one in Iran) and two pine stands (in Italy), in which four classes of slope steepness were selected for each stand. After timber harvesting, damage to the remaining stand as well as to any natural regeneration was recorded. It was found that the share of wounded trees was directly related to slope steepness, although this was less obvious in the natural regeneration. On steeper slopes, there were larger wounds and, on average, there were more wounds per tree. Wound intensity also depended on the gradient of the slope. The size, understood as diameter at breast height, of the remaining trees on the slopes also had an impact on the wound characteristics: on thicker trees, bigger wounds were detected and a higher number of them. However, thicker trees were less often wounded. Wound position on a tree did not depend on slope steepness but it may have been related to stand density and size of winched timber.

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Section: Consequences Of Damage and Possible Avoidance Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Analysis of Residual Stand Damage Due to Winching on Steep Terrains

Picchio

Tavankar

Bonyad

et al. 2019

Small-scale Forestry

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“…Wood formed in both broadleaved and conifer species by the intact, adjacent VC after injury frequently contains a barrier zone (BZ), a specialized layer characterized by relatively short tracheary elements with greater lignification, fibers, and parenchyma that contain phenolic deposits [39]. DW and eventual decay usually occurs within compartment boundaries [40].…”

Section: Compartmentalization and Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmentalization, Resource Allocation, and Wood Quality

Smith

2015

Curr Forestry Rep

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The concept of a trade-off of tree resources between growth and defense is readily grasped. The most detailed development of the concept is for the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis that predicts that resources for normal growth and primary metabolism are diverted to support plant defense and secondary or stress metabolism. This hypothesis has been applied to the biosynthetic cost of stress metabolites that protect wood and foliage from herbivory. This review suggests that the trade-offs of primary to stress metabolism is an ongoing theme throughout the evolution of land plants. This review extends the concept of the growth/defense trade-off to processes of apoptosis in the constitutive development of tracheary elements and heartwood as well as to the induced boundary-setting processes of compartmentalization of decay in living trees. For wood utilization, the confusion of heartwood with wound-initiated discoloration continues to obscure the sources of value loss, particularly for high-value hardwood lumber. Examples are drawn from the anatomical effects of tree injury from fire, storms, and vascular wilt disease.

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“…Stem wound and root damage are also potential means of entry for organisms causing decay and pitch rings (Shigo 1966;Pechmann 1974;Dimitri 1983). Because of potential decreased tree vigour and increased likelihood of attack by insects or diseases, logging injury to the remaining trees may lead to serious economic losses in terms of timber quality at the final harvest (Kiser 2011), wood losses of damaged trees and tree growth reduction (Ohman 1970;Vasiliauskas 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of logging wounds on diameter growth of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) trees following selection cutting in Caspian forests of Iran

Tavankar

Bonyad

Marchi

et al. 2015

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Background: Logging damage to residual trees during selection cutting may lead to serious economic losses in terms of both timber quality and diameter growth reduction. In this study, we investigated the effect of logging operations on residual tree damage and the consequence of injuries on diameter growth in an uneven-aged mixed forest dominated by beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). Methods: The diameter growth of 56 wounded and 56 unwounded beech trees were compared 12 years after selected logging of other trees had taken place in an Iranian Caspian forest. Results: Of total logging wounds, 25.0 % (14 wounds) were caused by felling operations and 75.0 % (42 wounds) were caused by winching operations. The reduction in diameter growth of wounded beech trees was only observed in the breast height DBH range below 55 cm. The diameter growth of wounded trees was 8.1 % lower than in unwounded trees. The vertical distance from the ground of wounding was a significant factor in diameter growth. Wounds that were larger than 200 cm 2 in area significantly reduced diameter growth of beech trees. Whether wounds were closed or open wounds had no significant effect on diameter growth but decayed wounds reduced diameter growth by 15.3 %.Conclusions: This study suggested that intensive logging wounds reduce diameter growth, especially in young beech trees. In addition to the intensity, size and position of wounds and tree age, the reduction of diameter growth was related to the ratio of wound size to stem area.

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Histochemical and geometric alterations of sapwood in coastal Douglas-fir following mechanical damage during commercial thinning

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Detailed Analysis of Residual Stand Damage Due to Winching on Steep Terrains

Detailed Analysis of Residual Stand Damage Due to Winching on Steep Terrains

Compartmentalization, Resource Allocation, and Wood Quality

Effect of logging wounds on diameter growth of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) trees following selection cutting in Caspian forests of Iran

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