The reconstruction of critical sized bone defects can be challenging in clinical practice. Critical bone defects can be caused by malformation, cancer, trauma or infection. Regardless of the entity, the current gold standard is autologous tissue transfer, which can be associated with significant donor side morbidity and limited tissue availability. One way to circumvent these problems is the generation of bioartificial bone tissue.For bone formation and regeneration, a sufficient vascularization providing oxygen and nutrition supply is indispensable. [1][2][3] Strategies to improve vascularization in bone tissue engineering applications include the use of angiogenic growth factors, endothelial cells (ECs) and the surgical induced angiogenesis by means of arteriovenous