Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres

Abstract

Best known for his ideas relating to evolution, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) first built his reputation as a botanist and was elected to the prestigious Académie des Sciences in 1779. His career took a new turn in 1793 when he was made professor of 'insects, worms and microscopic animals' at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, although he lacked prior knowledge of the subject area. Undaunted, Lamarck set out to classify organisms which few naturalists had considered worthy of study since Linnaeus. He was the first to distinguish vertebrates from 'invertebrates' - a term he coined - by the presence of a vertebral column. In this groundbreaking seven-volume work, published between 1815 and 1822, he arranges invertebrates into twelve classes, laying the foundations for the modern study of these organisms. Volume 5, first published in 1818, covers arachnids, crustaceans, annelids, cirripedes and conchifera.

Comparative drilling predation on time-averaged phosphatized and nonphosphatized assemblages of the minute clypeasteroid echinoidEchinocyamus stellatusfrom Miocene offshore sediments (Globigerina Limestone Formation, Malta)

“…This mirrors the results from Recent studies in the Red Sea where frequencies differed highly among facies from around 60.6% to 80.2% for Echinocyamus crispus (Mazzetti, 1893) and 22.0% to 83.3% for Fibularia ovulum (Lamarck, 1816) (Nebelsick and Kowalewski, 1999). Grun et al (2014) also reported highly variable drill hole frequencies in samples taken around a single island in the Mediterranean Sea ranging from absent to 21.7%.…”

Chordate evolution and the three-phylum system

“…As was noticed in the early nineteenth century [24], the entire adult urochordate body is invested with a thick covering, the tunic (or test); hence the common name 'tunicates'. A major constituent of the tunic is tunicin, a type of cellulose (electronic supplementary material, figure S1a,b).…”

“…1) [21], ascidians were included among the molluscs. Following anatomical investigations of ascidians by Cuvier [23] and others, Lamarck [24] recognized these as Tunicata, namely animals enclosed with a tunic (tunica, in Latin, meaning garment). On the other hand, cephalochordates (lancelets) were first described in mid-to-late eighteenth century as molluscs.…”

The status of the name Alysium holtingii C. Agardh, a red alga described from Brazil, and a depiction of the type specimen

“…The Brazil-based Galaxaura canaliculata (Küt-zing) Kützing is treated in the synonymy of Dichotomaria marginata (J. Ellis and Solander) Lamarck (Lamarck 1816, De Toni 1897, Silva et al 1996. Palavras-chave: Alysium, Brasil, Dichotomaria obtusata, algas vermelhas, taxonomia, espécime tipo.…”

“…Tricleocarpa was proposed by Huisman and Borowitzka (1990) as a segregate genus from Galaxaura, and Dichotomaria Lamarck (1816), long regarded as congeneric with Galaxaura, has been reinstated (Huisman et al 2004). In the ongoing revision of the family Galaxauraceae (Wang et al 2005), the status of the ill-known genus Alysium deserves attention.…”