Central nervous system (CNS) restoration is an important clinical challenge and stem cell transplantation has been considered a promising therapeutic option for many neurological diseases. Objective: The present review aims to briefly describe stem cell biology, as well as to outline the clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the CNS. Method: Literature review of animal and human clinical experimental trials, using the following key words: "stem cell", "neurogenesis", "Parkinson", "Huntington", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "traumatic brain injury", "spinal cord injury", "ischemic stroke", and "demyelinating diseases". Conclusion: Major recent advances in stem cell research have brought us several steps closer to their effective clinical application, which aims to develop efficient ways of regenerating the damaged CNS.Keywords: stem cell, neurogenesis, neurological diseases, stem cell therapy.
RESUMORestauração do sistema nervoso central (SNC) é um importante desafio clínico e o transplante de células-tronco tem sido considerado uma opção terapêutica promissora para muitas doenças neurológicas. Objetivo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever brevemente a biologia das células-tronco, assim como sua aplicação clínica no tratamento de doenças do SNC. Método: Revisão da literatura de experimentação