Histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular investigation on the hepatotoxic effect of potassium dichromate and the ameliorating role of Persea americana mill pulp extract

Abstract

The current study has been designed to assess the role of Persea americana (P. americana) pulp extract on potassium dichromate‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats. P. americana pulp extract administration improved the hepatic vascular congestion, blood extravasation, inflammatory cellular infiltration, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and nuclear changes. It also significantly ameliorated hepatic interstitial and peri‐portal fibrosis and caused retrieval of the PAS‐positive reaction in the liver parenchyma and around the central vein with restoration of the glycogen granules. P. americana also significantly attenuated the immunohistochemical expression of NF‐kβ p65 and its downstream inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα in the liver parenchyma. The antioxidant effect of P. americana was evidenced by significant modulation of the three major components of the thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant system, the Trx, the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase along with significant increase in the level of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and decrease in the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. P. americana pulp extract also caused significant elevation of hepatic protein phosphatase 5 with subsequent down‐regulation of Apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase1 (ASK1) and its downstream signaling targets MAPK kinase 4 (MKK4), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38‐MAPKs), the c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). Also, In conclusion, P. americana pulp extract has anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects against potassium dichromate‐induced hepatotoxicity.

Fagonia indica attenuates chromium-induced nephrotoxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in mice

“…action of POD at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight causes a decrease of GSH-Px content and an increase of the lipid peroxidation process in rat kidneys. Moreover, this study harmonizes with the research of Aboulhoda et al [26], who stated that the oxidative stress state is induced by POD. This was evidenced by the significant increase in the levels of ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase, increase in lipid peroxidation product MDA, and decrease in antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px, SOD, and Trx reductase in the POD-treated group.…”

“…Correlations of IL-6 with (A) Il-6 (pg/ml) vs SOD (U/g), (B) Il-6 (pg/ml) vs GST (U/g), (C) Il-6 (pg/ml) vs GSH-Px (U/g), (D) Il-6 (pg/ml) vs BUN (mg/dl), (E) Il-6 (pg/ml) vs creatinine (mg/dl). caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae, which is a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds [25,26,27]. However, our outcomes revealed the potent antioxidant potential and scavenging activities of F. indica.…”

“…Most parts of plants have been used as extracts and may possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties related to diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer [ 24 ]. F. indica is one of a genus of wild flowering plants in the caltrop family, Zygophyllaceae , which is a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. However, our outcomes revealed the potent antioxidant potential and scavenging activities of F. indica .…”

Role of mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes on inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and telocyte modulation in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity: A closer look at the structural level

“…The gray scale threshold was then adjusted to mask the exact area of the positive immune‐reaction with a red‐binary color with keeping the default and dark background. The area‐based digital image analysis was then quantified inside a standard measuring frame of 85,550 mm 2 (Figure 2a) as previously‐described (Aboulhoda et al, 2021). The count of CD117/c and PDGFRα immune‐reactive cells was also estimated with the image j analysis software in six non‐overlapping histological fields in the immunohistochemically‐stained sections by the process convert to binary, then convert to mask, followed by the binary‐watershed and then analyze particles ( Figure 2b).…”