Histological Maturation of Astroglial Cells in the Archicortex of Early Malnourished Rats

Cordero, María Elena; Zvaighaft, Abraham; Muzzo, S; Brunser, O

doi:10.1203/00006450-198203000-00005

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furthermore, GFAP is differentially modulated within distinct brain regions (for reviews see Gomes et al, 1999;. The data obtained in the present investigation are in agreement with previous studies showing that glial cells are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition early in life (Manocha et al, 1977;Morgane et al, 1978;Robain and Ponsot, 1978;Lai et al, 1980;Sikes et al, 1981;Cordero et al, 1982;Babichenko and Savrova, 1990;Morgane et al, 1993), but they also indicate that the deleterious effects induced by this insult can differ from one hypothalamic region to another.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

GFAP Expression in Astrocytes of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area are Differentially Affected by Malnutrition during Rat Brain Development

Mendonça

Vilela²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2004

Nutritional Neuroscience

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The aim of the present study was investigate, in young rats, the effects of malnutrition on astrocyte distribution of two hypothalamic regions, the circadian pacemaker suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the medial preoptic area (MPA). Control rats were born from mothers fed on commercial diet since gestation and malnourished rats from mothers fed on multideficient diet, from the beginning of gestation (GLA group) or from the onset of lactation (LA group). After weaning, pups received ad libitum the same diet as their mothers, and were maintained under a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. The animals were analyzed either at 30-33, or 60-63 days of life. Brain coronal sections (50 microm) were processed to visualize glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Compared to control rats, both malnourished groups of 30 and 60 days exhibited a reduced number of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes in the SCN. The total GFAP-immunoreactive area in the SCN of the GLA group differed from the control group at both age ranges analyzed. The GFAP expression as measured by the relative optical density (ROD) exhibited a 50-60% reduction in the MPA in both malnourished groups, compared to controls. The results suggest that malnutrition early in life leads to alterations in gliogenesis or glial cell proliferation in both nuclei, being these alterations greater in the MPA. Compensatory plasticity mechanisms in the GFAP-expression seem to be developed in the astrocyte differentiation process in the SCN, especially when the malnutrition is installed from the lactation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

GFAP Expression in Astrocytes of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area are Differentially Affected by Malnutrition during Rat Brain Development

Mendonça

Vilela²,

Bittencourt³

et al. 2004

Nutritional Neuroscience

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“…Although the effect of malnutrition on the permeability of the blood-barrier (BBB) is not yet fully understood, alterations in astrocyte development might affect BBB formation ( 184 , 185 ). Malnutrition during pregnancy causes a reduction on GFAP expression on rat hypothalamus ( 186 ) and hippocampus ( 187 ), and mice cerebellum ( 188 ). While several studies have reported a reduction on synaptic contacts after a period of malnutrition ( 189 ), recent data suggests that microglia dysfunction in their ability to respond to environmental stimuli during gestation and lactation affects synaptic plasticity via epigenetic regulatory mechanisms ( 67 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective

et al. 2022

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Background: Africa is laden with a youthful population, vast mineral resources and rich fauna. However, decades of unfortunate historical, sociocultural and leadership challenges make the continent a hotspot for poverty, indoor and outdoor pollutants with attendant stress factors such as violence, malnutrition, infectious outbreaks and psychological perturbations. The burden of these stressors initiate neuroinflammatory responses but the pattern and mechanisms of glial activation in these scenarios are yet to be properly elucidated. Africa is therefore most vulnerable to neurological stressors when placed against a backdrop of demographics that favor explosive childbearing, a vast population of unemployed youths making up a projected 42% of global youth population by 2030, repressive sociocultural policies towards women, poor access to healthcare, malnutrition, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution. Early life stress, whether physical or psychological, induces neuroinflammatory response in developing nervous system and consequently leads to the emergence of mental health problems during adulthood. Brain inflammatory response is driven largely by inflammatory mediators released by glial cells; namely astrocytes and microglia. These inflammatory mediators alter the developmental trajectory of fetal and neonatal brain and results in long-lasting maladaptive behaviors and cognitive deficits. This review seeks to highlight the patterns and mechanisms of stressors such as poverty, developmental stress, environmental pollutions as well as malnutrition stress on astrocytes and microglia in neuroinflammation within the African context.

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Effects of prenatal protein deprivation on postnatal development of granule cells in the fascia dentata

Dı́az-Cintra¹,

Cintra²,

Galván³

et al. 1991

J of Comparative Neurology

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The effect of prenatal protein deprivation on the postnatal development of granule cells in the fascia dentata in the rat was studied at 15, 30, 90, and 220 days of age. The granule cells showed a significant reduction in cell size, decreased number of synaptic spines throughout their dendritic extent, and reduced complexity of dendritic branching in the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer. All of these deficits were present at 15 days and persisted throughout the study (220 days). The least deficits in synaptic spine density occurred at 90 days and in dendritic branching at 30 days. Partial restitution of earlier, more severe deficits was associated primarily with maturational events occurring in the protein deprived rats, whereas later increases in deficits were related primarily to a failure of the protein deprived rats to keep pace with neuronal development occurring in the controls. The present results are similar to those noted in our previous study in this journal of the effect of a low protein diet (8% casein) on these neurons that extended from pregnancy until the time of sacrifice at 30, 90, and 220 days of age (Cintra et al., '90; 532:271-277). Taken together, these two studies suggest that the postnatal adaptation of the granule cells to prenatal protein deprivation is primarily due to events that occur during pregnancy and that the site of predilection for the deficit is their dendrites in the outer two-thirds of the molecular layer of the fascia dentata.

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Histological Maturation of Astroglial Cells in the Archicortex of Early Malnourished Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

GFAP Expression in Astrocytes of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area are Differentially Affected by Malnutrition during Rat Brain Development

GFAP Expression in Astrocytes of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Medial Preoptic Area are Differentially Affected by Malnutrition during Rat Brain Development

Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective

Effects of prenatal protein deprivation on postnatal development of granule cells in the fascia dentata

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