Histology Atlas of the Developing Mouse Urinary System With Emphasis on Prenatal Days E10.5-E18.5

Abstract

Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract are some of the most common human developmental abnormalities. Several genetically engineered mouse models have been developed to mimic these abnormalities and aim to better understand the molecular mechanisms of disease. This atlas has been developed as an aid to pathologists and other biomedical scientists for identification of abnormalities in the developing murine urinary tract by cataloguing normal structures at each stage of development. Hematoxylin and eosin- and immunohistochemical-stained sections are provided, with a focus on E10.5-E18.5, as well as a brief discussion of postnatal events in urinary tract development. A section on abnormalities in the development of the urinary tract is also provided, and molecular mechanisms are presented as supplementary material. Additionally, overviews of the 2 key processes of kidney development, branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis, are provided to aid in the understanding of the complex organogenesis of the kidney. One of the key findings of this atlas is the histological identification of the ureteric bud at E10.5, as previous literature has provided conflicting reports on the initial point of budding. Furthermore, attention is paid to points where murine development is significantly distinct from human development, namely, in the cessation of nephrogenesis.

Effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Biochemical Constituents on Kidney, Liver and Brain of Wister Rats

“…Hence, high dose or concentration of the compound may trigger degenerative changes or abnormal function of the urinary system. This is the same with the discovery which observed high Focal osseous metaplasia in the kidney, inclusion bodies, eosinophilic intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion in a rat exposed to ethanol plant extract [21].…”

The Impact of Functional and Structural Maturation of the Kidney on Susceptibility to Drug and Chemical Toxicity in Neonatal Rodents

“…Embryologic ontological development of the kidney has been described in detail and involves regression of the pronephros and then mesonephros, to ultimately form the metanephros in both rodents and humans. [5][6][7] The ureteric bud of the mesonephric duct undergoes a series of inductive interactions with adjacent mesenchymal cells, which results in significant growth, branching, and differentiation of buds of epithelium. The ureteric bud dilates to form the pelvis, ureter, and collecting duct system and is covered by a cap of metanephric tissue, which will form the nephron.…”

“…Infolding of primitive epithelium forms comma-shaped structures and then these subsequently form Sshaped bodies, which elongate and differentiate into proximal and distal tubules. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Endothelial cells trapped within folds of S-shaped bodies will form glomerular capillary loops and with the patterning of other surrounding epithelial and mesenchymal tissue, eventually form the mature glomerular tufts. Genes responsible for critical developmental pathways during embryogenesis involved in patterning and morphogenesis can be disrupted by drug or chemical exposure, resulting in renal malformations and kidney aplasia.…”

“…Vasculogenesis, the process of blood vessel maturation, is completed by PND 17 to PND 19 in rats and by PND 7 in mice but is already completed at birth (before GW 36) in humans. [6][7][8][9]18,22 These comparative timings of kidney structural development can be incredibly important for the toxicologist or pathologist to understand if findings in juvenile toxicity studies are to be put in proper context and clinical risk assessment best interpreted and most fully explained. There are multiple examples of juvenile toxicity in rodents that have gestational clinical implications based on differential renal maturation.…”

Congenital Unilateral Renal Aplasia in a Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) With Investigation Into Potential Pathogenesis

“…Normal development of the kidney requires appropriate initiation of the pronephros-mesonephros-metanephros sequence that involves growth and advancement of the ureteric bud from the mesonephric duct and proper interactions with the metanephric blastema. [1][2][3][4][5] This sequence of development depends on the orderly temporal and spatial expression of multiple genes in the urinary tract. 5,6 Derangement in gene expression induced by genetic mutations or environmental factors results in congenital abnormalities of the kidney.…”