Histopathologic reaction of a calcium phosphate cement for alveolar ridge augmentation

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in the reconstruction of a defective alveolar ridge in conjunction with implant placement. The CPC consisted of an equimolar amount of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. At the beginning of the experiment, all mandibular premolar teeth of mature beagle dogs were extracted. After 1 month of healing, alveolar bone was reduced to make a space for a CPC block that was prefabricated from a CPC mixed with water at a powder/liquid ratio of 5 g/mL. After an additional month, 8-mm long hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants were placed in such a way that the apical half was embedded into alveolar bone and the coronal half in the preformed CPC block. The dogs were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Sections that included implants were evaluated for integration of the CPC block to the alveolar bone and of the implant to the alveolar bone. Additional sections without the implants served as controls. The results obtained from this study show that the CPC ridge augmentation gradually is replaced by natural bone. Six months after surgery, histopathologic features of the augmentation area were quite similar to those of natural alveolar bone. The coronal half of the implants, previously surrounded by the CPC block, was firmly fixed by natural bone. Therefore, this method may be useful for increasing the height of the alveolar ridge.

Effects of a calcium phosphate cement on mineralized nodule formation compared with endodontic cements

“…Previous studies using various cell culture systems have shown that MTA is one of the least cytotoxic dental materials [20][21][22][23] . Similarly, premixed-CPC has been reported to have excellent biocompactibility due to the fact that premixed-CPC was nearly completely converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) within 24 h in an aqueous environment 24) . The present results are consistent with these previous findings, showing that there were no significant differences among premixed-CPC, MTA and control in nearly all tests.…”

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

“…A group of investigators extracted all mandibular premolar teeth from beagles [480]. After one month of healing, alveolar bone was reduced to make space for a previously fabricated calcium orthophosphate cement block.…”

“…The investigators observed that the cement block was gradually replaced by bone and histopathologic features of the cement area were similar to that of natural bone. Moreover, the coronal half of the implants, previously surrounded by the calcium orthophosphate cement, was firmly attached by natural bone [480]. In another study, the same researchers used fluorescent labeling analysis and electron microanalysis to measure the extent of new bone formation and elemental (Ca, P, Mg) distribution [481].…”

AFM Observations and Composition Analyses of the Top Surfaces of HA Implants

“…Incidentally, although the size of HA for bone or dentin is about 2.5 to 7.5 nm in width and about 10 to 30 nm in length 25,26) , at this degree of crystal size, resorption by osteoclast is sufficiently possible even if there is some difference in size. This makes it applicable as a bone graft material because bone replacement by bone remodeling is possible [7][8][9][10]23,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . However, even LT-HA becomes non-resorbable when it becomes highly dense and crystalline like enamel due to crystal growth.…”