Histopathological alterations in gills, liver, kidney and muscles of Ictalurus punctatus collected from pollutes areas of River

Abstract

Untreated sewage and industrial wastes from Faisalabad city are disposed to River Chenab through Chakbandi Main Drain (CMD). The present project is planned to investigate the effects of this freshwater pollution on the body of fish Ictalurus punctatus. The specimens of this fish species were collected upstream and downstream of the entrance of CMD into River Chenab. Fish gills, liver, kidney and muscles from dorsolateral regions of fish were subjected to histopathology. Farmed fish and fish from upstream areas were used as control. Fish collected from polluted experimental sites showed significant damage in selected organs. Gill tissues showed an abnormality in the form of an uplifting of the primary epithelium, fusion, vacuolation, hypertrophy, and necrosis. While liver tissues subjected to hepatocytes degeneration, necrosis, mitochondrial granular hepatocyte, and sinusoids dilation. Kidney tissues indicated increased bowmen space and constricted glomerulus and degenerated nephrons. Edema, necrosis, and atrophy were observed in muscle tissues of fish from polluted areas. Fish from the upstream area showed fused gill lamellae, inflammatory cell infiltration, hypertrophy and vacuolation in hepatocytes. Kidney tissues indicated the presence of nuclear tubular cells, destructive renal tubules, hemorrhage, and necrosis at tubular epithelium. Intra myofibril spaces were also observed in muscles. Specimens of control fish indicated no variation in gills, liver, kidney, and muscles. The present study revealed a strong correlation between the degree of tissue damage and environmental contamination. Present findings also compel global warnings to protect our water bodies and fish to rescue the human population.

A comprehensive review on application of bioreactor for industrial wastewater treatment

“…Lignocellulosic waste is a secondary product of the wood digestion pulping and bleaching process and it comprises a variety of complexes of inorganic and organic pollutants. The main inorganic pollutants comprise magnesium, nickel, zinc, copper and ferrous which has a neurotoxic effect on the juvenile Ictalurus punctatus and accumulation to gill, muscle, liver and ovary (Shahid et al 2020). The identified main organic and inorganic chemicals are dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid, benzoic acid, decalone, alkylated phenols, phenol, methanol, terpenes, chlorocatechols, chlorosyringols, chloroguaiacols, chlorophenols,…”

“…The main inorganic pollutants comprise magnesium, nickel, zinc, copper and ferrous, which have a neurotoxic effect on the juvenile Ictalurus punctatus and accumulation in gill, muscle, liver and ovary (Shahid et al . 2020). The identified main organic and inorganic chemicals are dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid, benzoic acid, decalone, alkylated phenols, phenol, methanol, terpenes, chlorocatechols, chlorosyringols, chloroguaiacols, chlorophenols, tetrachlorocatechol, 2‐methoxy phenol, 1‐tetradecane, β‐sitosterol trimethylsilyl ether, octacosane and hexadecanoic acids.…”

Effect of bioaccumulation and biosedimentation of some heavy metals on histological features in the cichlid fish, Tilapia zillii inhabiting Lake Qarun, Egypt.

“…The first barrier against toxins is gills, it decreases both the uptake of toxins and their magnification in other organs. Due to regular contact with water, gills are directly exposed to pollution (Shahid et al, 2021).…”

Studies on bioaccumulation patterns, biochemical and genotoxic effects of copper on freshwater fish, Catla catla: an in vivo analysis

“…Intense contamination of freshwater resources, particularly in developing countries, has been reported to contribute serious health hazards and environmental issues (Kutty and Al-Mahaqeri, 2016). Prominant anthropogenic sources of aquatic contamination include mining operations, untreated industrial effluents, domestic sewage, waste dump leachates and combustion emissions (Al-Ghanim et al, 2016;Shahid et al, 2021). Many studies have strived to link the morphological and physiological effects of chronic contaminant exposures to biochemical responses and functional traits that influence the well-being and survival of aquatic organisms (Sloman and McNeil, 2012;Barbee et al, 2014;).…”