Histopathology for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Gupta, Ekta; Khurana, Nita; Singh, Tejinder

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.49423

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Tissue stains not only use for the identification of the parasite but also in the visualization of cellular morphology [59]. Moreover, histopathology can use for examining each organ system for tells tale changes due to pathogenic agents and confirm the diagnosis [60].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Change of Aquatic Animals by Parasitic Infection

Purivirojkul¹

2012

Histopathology - Reviews and Recent Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Histopathology-Reviews and Recent Advances 154 ectoparasites are the most common parasites encountered in cultured fish [3]. They are also frequently found in wild fish [4]. Ciliates and flagellates feed on the most superficial skin layer [4]. Parasites cause a reactive hyperplasia of the epithelium and increased mucus production. Hyperplasia appears as a cloundiness to the skin and leads to hypoxia if occur on the gills [4]. Microspora are intracellular and affect a wide variety of vertebrates and invertebrates, Myxosporea are largely intercellular and infect mainly fish [5]. 2.1. Phylum Rhizopoda (amoeba) Amoeba can infect on the external surface such as gill, skin and internal organ as intestine. Paramoeba pemaquidensis has caused chronic mortality [4]. This parasite causes proliferative gill lesions. Histopathological change includes focal lamellar hypertrophy with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia [4]. Neoparamoeba perurans causes amoebic gill disease (AGD) [6]. This parasite affects some species of fish farmed in the marine environment such as Atlantic salmon [7]. The gills of infected fish are pale, multifocal with diffused white AGD-like lesions. Histological changes in the gills are characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial like cells across the gill filaments. This resulted in the fusion of lamellae and the development of round to oval interlamellar vesicles. Hyperplasia of mucous cells are also observed in the gills [6]. 2.2. Phylum Mastigophora (flagellated protozoa) Aquatic parasites in this subphylum separated in two classes; Phytomastigophora and Zoomastigophora Phytomastigophora contain chloroplasts in their cytoplasm [2]. Common type of this group was dinoflagellate parasites Amyloodinium sp. and Piscinoodinium sp. [2]. Amyloodinium sp. and Piscinoodinium sp. cause necrotic dermatitis to their host. Amyloodinium ocellatum is marine fish parasites that can infect both elasmobranchs and teleosts [4]. They attach to the host's epithelium by rhizoids (root-like structures) and feed on the host [4]. The gills are the primary site of infection. Heavy infestations can cause gill hyperplasia which include epithelium to severe hyperplasia of the entire gill filament, inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis. In freshwater, Piscinoodinium is reported, histopathological changes are similar to Amyloodinium sp. Filament degeneration and necrosis may also occur [4]. Zoomastigophora do not contain chloroplasts in their cytoplasm [2]. Three orders; Kinetoplastida, Retortamonodida and Diplomonadida are usually reported as fish parasites [2]. Parasites of order Kinetoplastida have one or two flagella such as Cryptobia sp. [2]. Cryptobia spp. are reported to invade the gastric epithelium of European cyprinids and flounders, they may cause gastric dilation, lesions include submucosal granuloma, gastric perforation, peritonitis and full thickness necrosis of the body wall musculature (Ferguson, 1989).

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Change of Aquatic Animals by Parasitic Infection

Purivirojkul¹

2012

Histopathology - Reviews and Recent Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observed histological changes in different organs such as kidney, brain and liver tissue sections may give enough information to describe the effect of a particular infective agent (Gupta, et al, 2009;Alsaid, et al, 2013). Histopathological examinations of rainbow trout which was infected with L. garvieae in culture conditions showed significantly lesions in the liver, kidney, spleen, gills, heart and stomach (Altun, et al, 2005;Didinen, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological changes of rainbow trout after experimental infection with Lactococcus garvieae

Korun¹,

Timur²,

Yardımcı³

et al. 2017

Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study is to determine both clinical and histopathological changes in experimentally infected rainbow trout with Lactococcus garvieae. Fourty healthy fish samples (50-60 g in weight) were purchased from a commercial farm near Antalya, Turkey and transferred to the laboratory. Each group of fish were challenged a cell density of 6x10 5 cfu/ml of L. garvieae isolate. The control group was given with the appropriate dilution of the sterile PBS. Fish showed darkening of skin color, lesion on the upper jaw and prolapsus. Internally, they had pale liver and kidney, enlarged spleen and hemorrhagies on the muscle. The control group did not show clinical signs. Histopathologically, the kidney and liver showed haemosiderin deposits. Lamellar fusion and hyperplasia of primary lamellae in the gills, depletions of red and white pulpas in the spleen and necrosis of the gastro-intestinal tract were detected.

show abstract

“…ın this context, pathologists are usually familiar with common types of protozoa or at least can identify the microorganism as "a parasite" and may refer to a parasitologist for a more proper identification. On the other hand, microbiologists/parasitologists generally do not have adequate knowledge about direct microscopic visualization of pathogens in biopsy samples (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal parasitosis: histopathological insights to rare but intriguing lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Pehlivanoğlu¹,

Doğanavşargıl²,

Sezak³

et al. 2016

TJPATH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Gastrointestinal parasitosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. definitive diagnosis is usually made by stool tests and/or serology but may require tissue evaluation. Although pathologists are usually familiar with common parasites, it is not well established whether the diagnosis could be suspected without seeing the "parasite" itself.Material and Method: resection or biopsy specimens of 32 cases with Giardia intestinalis (n=20), Enterobius vermicularis (n=5), Entamoeba histolytica (n=4), Fasciola hepatica (n=1), Strongyloides spp. (n=1) and Taenia saginata (n=1) infections were retrospectively re-evaluated for accompanying mucosal changes, and compared with nonparametric tests. Results:The most common changes were congestion (65.6%) and eosinophilic infiltration (50%). Chronic active mucosal inflammation accompanied 37.5% of the cases. more than 10 eosinophils/HPF were present in 43.8%. Only one case of G. intestinalis, E. vermicularis, E. histolytica, and F. hepatica showed more than 50 eosinophils/HPF. mucosal architectural abnormalities were present in 34.4%. Granulomas, giant cells and Charcot-Leyden crystals were only seen accompanying F. hepatica. no statistically significant difference was found between parasite subspecies regarding presence of inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, architectural distortion, congestion, ulceration and increase of eosinophils. Conclusion:Parasites induce nonspecific inflammation, slight mucosal architectural changes, mild eosinophilic infiltrate or granuloma formation. They may cause ulceration, bowel obstruction or perforation. Parasitosis should also be considered when evaluating cases mimicking inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease or those that do not fulfill diagnostic criteria.

show abstract

Histopathology for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Histological Change of Aquatic Animals by Parasitic Infection

Histological Change of Aquatic Animals by Parasitic Infection

Histopathological changes of rainbow trout after experimental infection with Lactococcus garvieae

Gastrointestinal parasitosis: histopathological insights to rare but intriguing lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About