Historia de la corrupción ambiental en España, 1939-1979. ¿Franquismo o industrialización?

Abstract

Resumen: El artículo abre un debate acerca de la corrupción ambiental en la historia de España. El estudio se centra en la España franquista, a partir de una perspectiva regional y social. Los estudios sobre transiciones metabólicas han demostrado que los patrones industriales en la economía rusa y en las economías occidentales no dependieron de las condiciones económicas y políticas (Krausmann et al, 2016). La historia ambiental social no dispone todavía de estudios capaces de realizar este tipo de comparaciones. Este artículo pretende pues definir la corrupción ambiental del Franquismo, como paso imprescindible antes de realizar comparaciones que dejamos aquí planteadas a modo de hipótesis. Los resultados demuestran que la corrupción ambiental franquista se ejerció mediante tres estrategias: una compleja laxitud y maleabilidad legislativa en la aplicación y reforma de la ley, la creación de duda por parte de ciertos expertos proclives a la industria y la represión y una justicia arbitraria.Palabras clave: Franquismo, medio ambiente, contaminación industrial, historia ambiental, España.Abstract: This article opens a debate about environmental corruption in the history of Spain. The study focused on Franco’ Spain, from a regional and social history perspective. Studies of metabolic transitions have shown that industrial patterns in the Russian economy and Western economies did not depend on economic and political conditions (Krausmann et al, 2016). Social environmental history does not yet have studies capable of making such comparisons. This article aims to define the environmental corruption of Francoism, as an essential step before making comparisons that we leave here presented as hypotheses. The results show that Francoist environmental corruption was exercised through three strategies: a complex laxity and legislative malleability in law enforcement and reform, the creation of doubt certain by certain experts with industrial interests and arbitrary repression and justice.Keywords: Francoism, environment, industrial pollution, environmental history, Spain.

Climate Obstruction in Spain

“…Spain (1939Spain ( -1996 Franco's fascist administration applied tactics to ignore, deny, hide, and absolve polluting industries of the environmental impacts they produced, as described by environmental historian Pablo Corral-Broto. 8 The Franco government used experts to generate doubt about the evidence of environmental pollution, a technique that Corral-Broto notes is in line with the thesis of Oreskes and Conway's book Merchants of Doubt. 9 The dictatorship sought to portray an image of modernity and industrial prosperity, a goal to which pollution complaints were an obstacle.…”