Historical and geological evidence of boulders deposited by tsunamis, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Goto, Kazuhisa; Kawana, Toshio; Imamura, Fumihiko

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.06.005

Cited by 166 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Onshore tsunami deposits are characterised by a complex set of diagnostic features that have been presented in many studies (e.g., Dawson and Shi, 2000;Goff et al, 2001;Shiki et al, 2008;Bourgeois, 2009;Mamo et al, 2009;Chagué-Goff, 2010;Goto et al, 2010;Chagué-Goff et al, 2011). However, such criteria have not yet been summarised for offshore tsunami deposits, and the published data are limited.…”

Section: Diagnostic Features Of Offshore Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sakuna

Szczuciński

Feldens³

et al. 2012

Earth Planet Sp

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Tsunami waves leave sedimentary signatures both onshore and offshore, although the latter are hardly known. The objective of the present study is to provide new evidence for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami deposits left on the inner continental shelf of the Andaman Sea (Thailand) and to identify diagnostic sedimentological and geochemical properties of these deposits. Based on extensive seafloor mapping, three sediment cores were selected for study and were analysed for their sedimentary structures, grain size composition, chemical elemental composition, physical properties and 210 Pb activity. Sediment cores retrieved from shallow water (9-15 m) within 7.5 km off the shore revealed distinct event layers, which were interpreted as being tsunami deposits. These 20-25 cm thick deposits were already covered with post-tsunami marine sediments. They were composed of several units, marine sand layers alternating with poorly sorted mud with terrigenous and anthropogenic components, representing different hydrodynamic conditions (probably during run-up and backwash phase). These sedimentological observations were supported by geochemical and physical data and were confirmed using 210 Pb dating. A sediment core taken from a depth of 57 m at a distance of 25 km offshore did not reveal clear event deposits. Comparisons with available data from offshore tsunami deposits showed that there is no single set of signatures that could be applied to identify this kind of deposits.

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Section: Diagnostic Features Of Offshore Tsunami Depositsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sakuna

Szczuciński

Feldens³

et al. 2012

Earth Planet Sp

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“…The waves radiated from an elongated source are constructively enhanced for angles 0° < θ < 45° but they decrease with increasing angles for θ > 45°, in which θ is the angle between the minor axis of the elliptical source and the direction from the center of the source to the observation point (Kajiura 1970). The tsunami was extraordinarily large, with a maximum runup height of 30 m on Ishigaki Island and 18 m on Miyako Island (Kato and Kimura 1983;Nakata and Kawana 1995;Nakamura 2009;Goto et al 2010).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of this tsunami was inferred to be a tsunami earthquake with M w = 8.0 near the trench axis (Nakamura 2009) based on huge tsunami heights with relatively weak ground motions on the islands recorded in historical documents. Contrastingly, a model of a submarine landslide and simultaneous intra-slab faulting was proposed by Goto et al (2010). Considering the distribution of high tsunami waves over Ishigaki and Miyako Islands, we adopt the model of an inter-plate thrust earthquake by Nakamura (2009) and use his fault geometry and parameters.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If such high waves struck the islands, this event should have been recorded as written history, because the detail of fatalities and property losses from the 1771 tsunami were well documented on these islands (e.g., Imamura 1938;Makino 1968;Nakata and Kawana 1995;Goto et al 2010). It is unlikely that such a big tsunami like Model 1 would be left unrecorded.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tsunami Folklore and Possible Tsunami Source on the Eastern Coast of Taiwan

Ando¹,

Nakamura²,

Lin³

2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Folklore tells of a large sea wave that struck an area of Chenggong on the eastern coast of Taiwan. This event is estimated to have occurred in the middle of the 19 th century based on an oral history of the area. Despite an estimated run-up height of more than 18 m, no other folklore related to a tsunami has been found in areas adjacent to the site for several reasons. Considering the importance of understanding the dangers posed to the eastern coast of Taiwan, numerical tsunami simulations were carried out to study localized amplification effects. Three tsunami sources were studied: (1) the westernmost portion of the Ryukyu trench, (2) offshore of Chenggong and (3) the source of the 1771 Yaeyama tsunami along the Ryukyu trench. Numerical simulations using detailed bathymetric maps reveal that possible tsunami waves are not significantly amplified around Chenggong; the eastern coast of Taiwan should have been affected by the 19 th century tsunami if it was large enough. This study emphasizes the importance of investigation of paleo-tsunamis along the eastern coast of Taiwan to assess the risk for future tsunami hazards.

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“…Huge coral boulders on the marine terraces in the Ryukyu Islands are interpreted as being of tsunami origin (Makino 1968, on Ishigaki Island;Ota et al 1985, on Hateruma Island). Kawana and Nakata (1994) and Goto et al (2010) estimated the occurrence of multiple tsunamis in the last several thousand years based on the age of tsunami boulders distributed on several islands of the Ryukyus. Huge tsunami boulders were also observed in the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding of Probable Tsunami Boulders on Jiupeng Coast in Southeastern Taiwan

Matta¹,

Ôta²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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We find three coral boulders (approx. 5 m across) resting on the Holocene coral terrace on the Jiupeng coast of southeastern Taiwan. Three exotic corals on the outer part of the boulders are dated at ca. 5000 yr BP which is similar to that of in situ corals composing the Holocene terrace. We interpret that these boulders were broken off from the coral terrace and were transported by tsunami waves, although the timing of the paleotsunami is not determined at this stage.

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Historical and geological evidence of boulders deposited by tsunamis, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan

Cited by 166 publications

References 54 publications

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand)

Tsunami Folklore and Possible Tsunami Source on the Eastern Coast of Taiwan

Finding of Probable Tsunami Boulders on Jiupeng Coast in Southeastern Taiwan

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