Historical Foundations

Lindsey, J. Russell

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-074901-0.50008-3

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The Canzian (1997) tree does not reflect some known relationships among strains. For example, closely related strains such as BDIX & BDVII are widely separated from each other and from related strains BP and BC; our results are more consistent with published reports of strain breeding (Festing 1979;Lindsey 1979) for these and other strains. There are areas of congruence between the trees.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

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Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains

et al. 2003

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supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) have played an important role in biomedical research for over 100 years with more than 200 strains bred as physiological models of human disease (Lindsey 1979;Steen et al 1999; Kwitek-Black and Jacob 2001). Unlike mouse inbred strains, little is known about relationships among rat strains (Festing 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains

et al. 2003

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“…5) Seven of the eight rats examined by us have at least one LINE-containing insulin 1 allele, and only one rat was homozygous for the absence of LINE sequences. Since these rats included laboratory strains established as independent colonies from wild rat populations at widely different times and locations (17), as well as a recently trapped wild rat, WINE-containing insulin 1 alleles are quite common in the population of R. norvegicus. Therefore, either this allele arose early in the evolutionary history of rats or LINE sequences are now undergoing transposition at the insulin 1 locus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long interspersed repeated DNA (LINE) causes polymorphism at the rat insulin 1 locus.

Lakshmikumaran¹,

D’Ambrosio²,

Laimins³

et al. 1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The insulin 1, but not the insulin 2, locus is polymorphic (i.e., exhibits allelic variation) in rats. Restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization studies showed that the polymorphic region is 2.2 kilobases upstream of the insulin 1 coding region and is due to the presence or absence of an approximately 2.7-kilobase repeated DNA element. DNA sequence determination showed that this DNA element is a member of a long interspersed repeated DNA family (LINE) that is highly repeated (>50,000 copies) and highly transcribed in the rat. Although the presence or absence of LINE sequences at the insulin 1 locus occurs in both the homozygous and heterozygous states, LINE-containing insulin 1 alleles are more prevalent in the rat population than are alleles without LINEs. Restriction enzyme analysis of the LINE-containing alleles indicated that at least two versions of the LINE sequence may be present at the insulin 1 locus in different rats. Either repeated transposition of LINE sequences or gene conversion between the resident insulin 1 LINE and other LINE sequences in the genome are possible explanations for this.About one-third of various mammalian genomes is composed of families of repeated DNA sequences (4, 32). A major portion of this DNA is highly repeated (i.e., >20,000 copies per family) and is interspersed among nonrepeated DNA (7). Two classes of interspersed repeat DNA families have been identified, based on the length of the repeated element. Short interspersed repeated DNA families contain 100-to 300-base-pair (bp) repeat elements (12,28,32), whereas long interspersed repeated DNA families (LINE family) consist of elements that are quite complex and at least several kilobase pairs long (1,9,10,16,20,21,30,32,33).About one-third of the rat genome also is repeated DNA (25). This fraction is dominated by several highly repeated short interspersed repeated DNA families and at least one LINE family, as is the case for other mammalian genomes (42). These families, which did not reanneal as highly repeated DNA (25), are highly transcribed in the rat (42).Whatever their function, repeated DNA sequences may affect contiguous DNA sequences. These include effects on gene activity due to regulatory elements in the repeated DNA (28), as well as deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation of the contiguous DNA sequences by homologous recombination between the resident repeated DNA sequence and other members of the repeat family in the genome. Such repeat DNA-mediated events are not just theoretical possibilities. One type of familial hypercholesteremia in humans, for example, is due to deletion of part of the gene for a lipoprotein receptor by recombination between two members of the human Alu short interspersed repeated DNA family (14).It recently was shown (8) that two single-copy DNA loci of rats are polymorphic due to the presence or absence of a full-length (-6.5-kilobase [kb]) member of the rat LINE family: the Igh locus and the Mlvi-2 locus, which is a site for the integration of Moloney leukemia virus (38)...

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“…The rat began its career as a laboratory animal in Europe in the 1850s, and became the first mammalian species to be domesticated for scientific purposes [12]. Their suitable size and easy handling might have been the major selective points in early animal experiments in the studies of breeding, behavior, psychology, nutrition, endocrinology, genetics, and others.…”

Section: History Of Laboratory Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many genetic models of human diseases have been developed by selective breeding methods in Japan and other countries; for instance, Helen Dean King not only developed the Wistarderived inbred strain King albino (Pa or WKa), but also captured wild rats to produce inbred strains and succeeded in developing the BN strain. Many inbred strains were also independently developed at columbia university: F344, auG, coP, and at other universities and institutes [12].…”

Section: History Of Laboratory Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National BioResource Project-Rat and Related Activities

et al. 2009

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Abstract:In order to establish a system to facilitate the systematic collection, preservation, and provision of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) and their derivates, the National BioResource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) was launched in July 2002. By the end of 2008, more than 500 rat strains had been collected and preserved as live animals, embryos, or sperm. These rat resources are supplied to biomedical scientists in Japan as well as in other countries. This review article introduces NBRP-Rat and highlights the phenome project, recombinant inbred strains, BAC clone libraries, and the ENU-mutant archive, named the Kyoto University Rat Mutant Archive (KURMA). The future direction of rat resources are also discussed.

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Historical Foundations

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains

Phylogenetics of rat inbred strains

Long interspersed repeated DNA (LINE) causes polymorphism at the rat insulin 1 locus.

National BioResource Project-Rat and Related Activities

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