Historical stained-glass window laser preservation: The heat accumulation challenge

Maingi, Evan Maina; Alonso, María Platas; Angurel, L.A.; Rahman, Md. Ashiqur; Chapoulie, Rémy; Dubernet, Stéphan; Fuente, G.F. de la

doi:10.1016/j.bsecv.2021.12.003

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In consequence, to control the heat accumulation [14] and the maximum temperature at the surface of the glass it is advisable to reduce the effective laser frequency, as proposed by Weber et al [16]. In our previous work [12] we demonstrated that safe cleaning conditions can be reached when the effective laser frequency is reduced to values lower than 20 kHz.…”

Section: Laser Treatments Using a Femtosecond Laser Systemmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This glass exhibited high transmittance values in the UV region, close to 350 nm, but it is expected that these values reduce for lower wavelengths. For this reason, the frequency of the laser treatments with the UV radiation was reduced up to 10 kHz to compensate for possible heat accumulation due to the absorption of the laser energy by the glass [12]. To obtain a uniform energy distribution on the sample surface the distance between two pulses should be lower than the beam radius.…”

Section: Laser Treatments Using a Femtosecond Laser Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum frequency that is available with this laser is 200 kHz. Safe laser cleaning protocols were identified and determined by using the burst mode [12]. It was observed that it was possible to eliminate the permanent ink without deteriorating the glass using series of 200 pulses of 24 µJ at 300 kHz.…”

Section: Laser Treatments Using An 800 Picosecond Ir Laser Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent work [12], we analyzed and realized that controlling heat accumulation during laser treatment is essential to develop a safe laser cleaning protocol that could be used in stained glass windows. Even if the laser radiation is not absorbed by the glass, the temperature reached in the material that is being cleaned can generate thermal stresses on the glass surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in laser cleaning of cultural heritage stained glass

Maingi

Treil

Abad

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Stained-glass windows play an important role in cultural heritage. Human and environmental factors have subjected these pieces to risks of damage. Mechanical and chemical-based cleaning methods have been used for their restoration and conservation. Additionally, short-pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled cleaning and restoration of these important materials. In this work, ultra-short pulsed lasers were used to clean an artificially applied coating from the surface of a contemporary colorless glass frequently used in the restoration of stained-glass windows. One of the objectives was to explore the applicability of using these types of lasers to safely clean historical stained-glass windows. It was observed that temperature rise and subsequent heat accumulation in the coating layer being removed was sufficient to generate significant thermal stresses on the underlying glass surface leading to damages even when the laser energies are lower than the damage thresholds. Some laser treatments that limit this heat accumulation were designed in this study. For laser systems operating at frequencies in the range of several hundreds of kHz, the option was to work in burst mode, limiting the number of pulses in each burst and selecting an adequate time lapse between two consecutive burst runs. A method to uniformly clean a given surface is proposed in this work. When lower frequencies are available, treatments using frequencies lower than 20 kHz are enough to safely clean the glass. When UV laser radiation is used, optical damage is also an important aspect to be considered. In this case, the cleaning protocol has to deal with both issues, to avoid heat accumulation and chemical damage.

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Section: Laser Treatments Using a Femtosecond Laser Systemmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Laser Treatments Using a Femtosecond Laser Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Treatments Using An 800 Picosecond Ir Laser Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in laser cleaning of cultural heritage stained glass

Maingi

Treil

Abad

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Laser irradiation has been introduced more recently as a new cleaning technique for the conservation of cultural heritage materials, either as a complement or as a substitute to the conventional approaches [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In the last four decades, laser cleaning of cultural heritage materials has been a subject of interest and research within the heritage conservation community [11,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. The potential of lasers as cleaning tools for the removal of encrustations has continued to gain recognition, despite their initial limitations associated with low reliability and high costs [32,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Laser Cleaning of Corrosion Encrustations on Historical Stained Glass: A Comparative Study

et al. 2023

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The aim of this research work was to conduct a comparative study on the effectiveness of the application of chemical cleaning versus laser cleaning in the removal of surface congruent dissolution products from a potash-lime–silica historical stained-glass sample. EDTA was selected as the chemical cleaning agent. Laser cleaning was performed using a 238 fs pulse UV (343 nm) laser. The comparative cleaning studies were carried out on a stained-glass piece supplied by the Maison Lorin Glass Restoration Workshop from Chartres, France. Given the complex nature, irregular thickness and heterogeneity of the encrustations found on the glass, the two cleaning approaches were carefully performed step by step, while monitoring the process using an optical microscope. Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the changes induced on the sample surface during the cleaning process. The results demonstrate that the two cleaning approaches were able to eliminate the outer surface dark layer associated with carbon compounds, as well as the external part of the white layer generated by the crystallization of salts, formed with the dissolved elements after a reaction with the air. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each method is also presented.

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