History and Innovation of Wireless Power Transfer via Microwaves

Abstract

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has a long history of over 100 years since the first experiment conducted by Nicola Tesla. However, the most interesting innovation of WPT was born in the 21 st century. In this decade, near-field WPT commercialization was advanced, and we now use many near-field WPT products, such as wireless chargers for mobile phones and electric vehicles. In the next decade, we can expect the development of far-field WPT via microwaves, through which we can drive Internet of Things (IoT) sensors without batteries based on transmitted or ambient microwave power. We can charge mobile phones with microwave power. When we focus microwave power on a target by beam forming technology, we can transmit higher wireless power to fly drones or from space to the earth. In conjunction with the research & development of microwave-based WPT, radio regulations suitable for each country need to be discussed. In this paper, I review the history, innovation, and status of the radio regulations of WPT via microwaves with the classification of wide-beam WPT, including harvesting, and narrow-beam WPT.INDEX TERMS Wireless power transfer, microwave power transfer, far-field WPT, beam forming.

A Microwave Power Transmission System Using Sequential Phase Ring Antenna and Inverted Class F Rectenna

“…In (7), the received power is widely used to calculate the maximum possible power in a radio system, where many factors reduce the received energy.…”

“…In this study, the microwave power link is simulated using the ANSYS highfrequency structure simulator (HFSS), which can consider the simulation environments to cover all influencing factors. In this case, the simulated value of S 21 represents the power transfer capability of the MPT link, as mentioned in (7). Second, we measured the transmission loss of our MPT system when the distance between Rx and Tx increases from 60 mm to 200 mm, as shown in Fig.…”

Novel Sparse Planar Array Synthesis Model for Microwave Power Transmission Systems With High Efficiency and Low Cost

“…MPT can wirelessly deliver energy from one location to another inaccessible or hazardous location [1][2][3][4][5]. Many scholars have investigated MPT systems [6][7][8][9][10] as per their wide range of potential application scenarios. The transmitting antenna and rectenna are two necessary components for an MPT system; the first concentrates radiated power toward a faraway receiver, while the second collects and converts incoming microwave power [9,10].…”

“…Many scholars have investigated MPT systems [6][7][8][9][10] as per their wide range of potential application scenarios. The transmitting antenna and rectenna are two necessary components for an MPT system; the first concentrates radiated power toward a faraway receiver, while the second collects and converts incoming microwave power [9,10]. Unlike traditional array systems, MPT systems deal with power transfer rather than information transmission.…”

Microstrip patch antenna with class-F load and DC block function for microwave power transfer

“…Microwave power transfer (MPT) system [1,2] has an advantage of long-distance transmission, compared to nearfield power transfer system [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. To achieve MPT, an efficient power amplifier is essential.…”