History and the Status of Electric Ship Propulsion, Integrated Power Systems, and Future Trends in the U.S. Navy

Doerry, Norbert; Amy, John; Krolick, Cy

doi:10.1109/jproc.2015.2494159

Cited by 124 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Future warships are predicted to employ advanced weapon systems, the power for which will be drawn from the ships electric power system. Key among these advanced systems are high power laser directed energy weapons (LDEWs) characterized by a pulsed power profile [1][2][3][4]. Pulsed power load supply is an important factor driving change in power system design and is considered a primary requirement for the integration of energy storage devices that have fast response dynamics capable of driving pulsed loads for sustained periods [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Performance Capability of a Lithium-ion Battery System When Powering Future Pulsed Loads

Farrier

Bucknall

2020

Energies

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The supply of pulsed power loads is considered a key driver for the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs) with warship power systems. ESSs are identified as a means to offer fast response dynamics capable of driving pulsed loads for sustained periods. This paper contributes a novel investigation into the performance of a Nickel Manganese Cobalt based lithium-ion battery system to supply laser directed energy weapon (LDEW) loads for future warship combat power systems using time-domain simulation methodology. The approach describes a second order Thévenin equivalent circuit battery model validated against a battery module of a type used in commercial marine ESS. The ability of the battery system to power LDEW loads peaking at 2 MW for up to periods of four minutes were simulated for beginning of life (BoL) and degraded conditions. The repeatability of the pulsed power supply with ESS is also reported. Simulation results show that Quality of Power Supply (QPS) is maintained within acceptable transient tolerance using a feed-forward control circuit that controls the DC-DC converter interface between the battery system and the LDEW load. The results of the study demonstrate the battery system operating envelope for the LDEW under investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Performance Capability of a Lithium-ion Battery System When Powering Future Pulsed Loads

Farrier

Bucknall

2020

Energies

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“…Electrification in commercial and military ships has been a trend in recent past in order to reduce emissions and to improve efficiency [1][2][3][4]. The International Marine Organization (IMO) in 2012 stated that global SO x and NO x emissions from entire shipping exhibits about 13% and 15% of global SO x and NO x respectively [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review

et al. 2018

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In recent years, concerns about severe environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption has grabbed attention in the transportation industry, particularly in marine vessels. Another key challenge in ships is the fluctuations caused by high dynamic loads. In order to have a higher reliability in shipboard power systems, presently more generators are kept online operating much below their efficient point. Hence, to improve the fuel efficiency of shipboard power systems, the minimum generator operation with N-1 safety can be considered as a simple solution, a tradeoff between fuel economy and reliability. It is based on the fact that the fewer the number of generators that are brought online, the more load is on each generator such that allowing the generators to run on better fuel efficiency region. In all-electric ships, the propulsion and service loads are integrated to a common network in order to attain improved fuel consumption with lesser emissions in contrast to traditional approaches where propulsion and service loads are fed by separate generators. In order to make the shipboard power system more reliable, integration of energy storage system (ESS) is found out to be an effective solution. Energy storage devices, which are currently being used in several applications consist of batteries, ultra-capacitor, flywheel, and fuel cell. Among the batteries, lithium-ion is one of the most used type battery in fully electric zero-emission ferries with the shorter route (around 5 to 10 km). Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) are one of the solutions, which can be implemented in high power/energy density applications. In this case, two or more energy storage devices can be hybridized to achieve the benefits from both of them, although it is still a challenge to apply presently such application by a single energy storage device. The aim of this paper is to review several types of energy storage devices that have been extensively used to improve the reliability, fuel consumption, dynamic behavior, and other shortcomings for shipboard power systems. Besides, a summary is conducted to address most of the applied technologies mentioned in the literature with the aim of highlighting the challenges of integrating the ESS in the shipboard microgrids.

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“…Electrification in marine vessels has been a trend to improve efficiency and minimize emissions [1][2][3][4]. There are severe restrictions imposed by the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution (MARPOL) from ships [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Hybrid Diesel/PV/Battery/Ultra-Capacitor Systems for Future Shipboard Microgrids

et al. 2019

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In recent times, concerns over fossil fuel consumption and severe environmental pollution have grabbed attention in marine vessels. The fast development in solar technology and the significant reduction in cost over the past decade have allowed the integration of solar technology in marine vessels. However, the highly intermittent nature of photovoltaic (PV) modules might cause instability in shipboard microgrids. Moreover, the penetration is much more in the case of utilizing PV panels on ships due to the continuous movement. This paper, therefore, presents a frequency sharing approach to smooth the effect of the highly intermittent nature of PV panels integrated with the shipboard microgrids. A hybrid system based on an ultra-capacitor and a lithium-ion battery is developed such that high power and short term fluctuations are catered by an ultra-capacitor, whereas long duration and high energy density fluctuations are catered by the lithium-ion battery. Further, in order to cater for the fluctuations caused by weather or variation in sea states, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is utilized in parallel to the dc-link capacitor using a buck-boost converter. Hence, to verify the dynamic behavior of the proposed approach, the model is designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed model helps to smooth the fluctuations and to stabilize the DC bus voltage.

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History and the Status of Electric Ship Propulsion, Integrated Power Systems, and Future Trends in the U.S. Navy

Cited by 124 publications

References 5 publications

Investigating the Performance Capability of a Lithium-ion Battery System When Powering Future Pulsed Loads

Investigating the Performance Capability of a Lithium-ion Battery System When Powering Future Pulsed Loads

Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review

Control of Hybrid Diesel/PV/Battery/Ultra-Capacitor Systems for Future Shipboard Microgrids

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