History of Noise Research

Ziel, A. van der

doi:10.1016/s0065-2539(08)61066-5

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The switching technique was developed initially to overcome problems with fluctuations in the gain of microwave radiometers, but has a significant secondary benefit. Consider a thermometer with an output characteristic (15) where represents any small error arising in the thermometer. Then the temperature inferred according to (3) is approximately (16) Thus the matching of the amplitudes of the two noise signals substantially reduces the constraint on the maximum rate of change of the error.…”

Section: Switching Rectifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The status of Johnson noise thermometry

White¹,

Galleano²,

Actis³

et al. 1996

Metrologia

136

111

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Since Johnson's experimental observations of thermal noise in 1927, and Nyquist's explanation of the phenomenon shortly afterwards in 1928, thermal noise has attracted interest as a means of measuring temperature. The independence of the thermal noise from the material nature of the sensor makes it particularly attractive for metrological applications. However, the noise signals are extremely small and some ingenuity is required to make accurate measurements. This paper reviews the foundations of Johnson noise thermometry and the various techniques that have been employed to measure temperature via Johnson noise. Emphasis is placed on key developments in noise thermometers for metrological applications. The review includes the current activities of teams involved in noise thermometry research.

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Section: Switching Rectifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reader is also referred to previous reviews by Kamper [12], Blalock and Shepard [13], and Brixy [14]. Van der Ziel's review of the history of noise research [15] provides an outline of early theoretical developments and measurements of Johnson noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%