History of the development of the temperate forest flora in Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R. from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene

Жилин, С. Г.

doi:10.1007/bf02858522

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As stated by Mai (1995), sites with macrofloras in the East European early Tertiary are scanty and afford a small addition to the floral evolution, although they were used to increase the resolution of transcontinental floral development in general [Kryshtofovich (1955 -for discussion on the Poltava type flora see Zhilin (1989)]. For the late Palaeocene-Middle Eocene, the Kamyshin type flora [or Ushia unit sensu Zhilin (1986)] is important and can be characterised by variable foliage of Ushia, Lauraceae and Dewalquea gelindensis.…”

Section: Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest flora and vegetation of the European early Palaeogene – a review

Kvaček¹

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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An attempt is made to follow the extent of forest types during the Palaeocene and Eocene in time and space over Europe. Problems that hinder producing more detailed maps of potential Eocene vegetation are the different palaeogeographic configuration of land and sea and changing relief due to orogeny, the variation in global climate, atmospheric circulation and the world ocean. The early Palaeogene palaeofloristic sites in Europe are widely spaced and the data so far obtained are of varying quality from one site to another. The differences between zonal, intrazonal (azonal) and extrazonal formations and impact of precipitation must be considered. Objective definitions of units based on diversity percentages of components are still to be elaborated. The macropalaeobotanical data thus far available allow us to distinguish intuitively three zonal vegetation types: 1) Broad-leaved evergreen/semi-evergreen quasi-paratropical forest with a high diversity of woody angiosperms related to tropical families, ferns and a low diversity of conifers (mostly Doliostrobus), 2) Broad-leaved nothophyllous evergreen forest with evergreen Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Altingiaceae, Myrtaceae and some conifers (Pinus, Doliostrobus, Cephalotaxus) and 3) Polar deciduous to mixed mesophytic forest with well diversified angiosperms predominantly deciduous and moderate representation of Ginkgo, conifers and ferns. Intrazonal (azonal) formations include riparian gallery forests, coal-forming swamp forests, and poorly developed mangroves with marginal freshwater wetland/aquatic vegetation. The Eocene extrazonal vegetation is less distinct in Europe, consisting probably of pine forests in high mountains and lowland sclerophyllous scrub on specific substrates. •

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Section: Eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest flora and vegetation of the European early Palaeogene – a review

Kvaček¹

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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“…Several fossil remains of Amelanchier, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Eriobotrya, Heteromeles, Lyonothamnus, Malus, Mespilus, Peraphyllum, Photinia, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Rhaphiolepis, Sorbus and Vauquelinia were reported from lower Eocene to Pliocene in North America, Asia, and Europe (Zhilin, 1974(Zhilin, , 1989Taylor, 1990) (Table 2). Unfortunately, those data are not sufficient to explain the grounds of current geographical distribution of Maloideae: some of the genera are not reported as fossils (i.e., Osteomeles, Chamaemeles, Dichotomanthes, Cydonia, Pseudocydonia or Chaenomeles), others are only reported in the Neogene (i.e., Eriobotrya and Rhaphiolepis) and some significant regions have no meaningful fossil record (i.e., Malaysia, Indo-China, and North Africa).…”

Section: Circumscribed Sorbus In a Broadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and Phytogeographical Relationships in Maloideae (Rosaceae) Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characters

Aldasoro¹,

Aedo²,

Navarro³

2005

blum - j plant tax and plant geog

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SUMMARYPhylogenetic relationships among 24 genera of Rosaceae subfam. Maloideae and Spiraeoideae are explored by means of a cladistic analysis; 16 morphological and anatomical characters were included in the analysis. Published suprageneric classifications and characters used in these classifications are briefly reviewed. Additionally, some new features are here reported, such as seed shape, presence or absence of endosperm, and number of cell layers in the seed coat and in the endosperm. Parsimony analyses indicate that Eriobotrya and Rhaphiolepis form a well-supported clade that is the sister to the remainder of the subfamily. This result is in agreement with published ITS sequence data. other clades are not supported, with the exception of the group Amelanchier-Peraphyllum-Malacomeles. Results of several studies point toward North America as centre of origin for Maloideae, considering the distribution of closely related Spiraeoideae such as Vauquelinia and Lindleia. A non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of Takhtajan's biogeographic regions was carried out using presence/ absence of genera as characters. Eastern Asia is a centre of diversity from which the number of shared taxa decreases in several directions. This can be associated with the retreat of many taxa belonging to the Early Tertiary tropical-subtropical flora towards the refuges of China, Indochina and Malaysia, after wet-temperate forests were progressively transformed during the Neogene, which seems to be the case of Eriobotrya and Rhaphiolepis. Finally, Osteomeles and Chamaemeles were postulated as long-distance dispersion events while Hesperomeles could have originated in North America and migrated into north-western South America.

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“…4, loc. 8), originally dated to Early Oligocene (Zhilin 1989), has been revised. Zhilin (2005) , 5 -Baky (Southern Ural) (S), 6 -Zharlykap (Or River Area, Southern Ural) (S, P), 7 -Or (Or River) (Southern Ural), 8 -Zhaman-Kaindy (Turgai District, Northern Kazakhstan) (P), 9 -Tortmolla (Turgai District, Northern Kazakhstan) (P), 10 -Akar-Cheshne (Western Badkhys, Turkmenia) (P), 11 -Er Oilan-Duz, Kushka district, Turkmenia) (P), 12 -Zhaman Tus (Irtysh River Area, North Western Kazakhstan), 13 -Takyrsor (Irtysh River Area, North Western Kazakhstan) (S), 14 -Tuzkabak (Zaissan Lake Basin), 15 -Kalmakpai (Zaissan Lake Basin) (Sargamyss Formation), 16 -Shestakovo (Penzhina Bay) (Tr), 17 -Podkagernaya (Western Kamchatka) (Irgirnin Formation) (Tr), 18 -Snezhinka (Western Sakhalin) (Upper Snezhinka Subformation), 19 -Sonye (Eastern Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt) (Tr), 20 -Rechnoi peninsula (northern of Vladivostok) ("Nadezhdinskaya" Formation) (Tr), 21 -Svetlovodnaya (Eastern Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt), 22 -Sambian peninsula, Prussian Formation, amber flora, Late Eocene, Svb -Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt.…”

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confidence: 99%

Paleocene and Eocene floristic and climatic change in Russia and Northern Kazakhstan

Akhmetiev¹

2010

Bull. Geosci.

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Paleocene and Eocene floras of Russia and adjacent regions are reviewed with an interpretation of climatic conditions under which they developed. Floristic and climatic changes in western and central regions of Russia in the Paleocene and in the first part of the Eocene were caused by the dynamics and rearrangement of the systems of marine seaways: a longitudinal seaway, which connected the Arctic basin with the marginal seas of Northern Peri-Tethys (Turanian, South Russian and others), and a latitudinal seaway, which connected the marginal seas of Northern Peri-Tethys with the Atlantic Ocean. As these systems were progressively reduced, the climate in the middle latitudes changed from paratropical (like in West and Central Europe) to a subtropical monsoon climate with wet summers (Late Ypresian to Lutetian), and later to a climate with wet winters (Late Lutetian to the first part of the Priabonian). Floristic changes reflect these climatic trends. In the Paleogene, cold currents constantly influenced the climate of regions of the northwestern Pacific and facilitated development of a warm-temperate mesophilic flora. A warmer episode took place in the Early Eocene. At this time thermophilic plants (Sabal, Myrtaceae and Lauraceae) reached Koryakia, North Western Kamchatka, probably as a result of northward migration. Some subtropical plants existed near the Recent Polar circle. The subtropical Raichikha-type Flora lost temperate elements and, by ecological and climatic types, it is more similar to the Recent flora of South-West and South China.

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History of the development of the temperate forest flora in Kazakhstan, U.S.S.R. from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene

Cited by 64 publications

References 5 publications

Forest flora and vegetation of the European early Palaeogene – a review

Forest flora and vegetation of the European early Palaeogene – a review

Phylogenetic and Phytogeographical Relationships in Maloideae (Rosaceae) Based on Morphological and Anatomical Characters

Paleocene and Eocene floristic and climatic change in Russia and Northern Kazakhstan

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