History of Wood Conservation

Unger, Achim; Schniewind, Arno P.; Unger, Wibke

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06398-9_2

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For this reason, conservation and restoration of wood structural elements is an important issue to address by experts in the field of the authenticity preservation of artwork for instance. Conservation and restoration of artworks implies the use of different strategies for the preservation of different kinds of objects, such as paintings, sculptures, decorative objects, furniture, and other objects that have lost their functionality, their aesthetic, and/or mechanical properties by human use or by the effects of time [1][2][3]. However, all these strategies imply processes that may be difficult, time consuming, or not effective enough.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most common approaches to consolidate degraded wood consists of the application of products that can penetrate into the cell walls of the wood or in the voids at the surface to improve its mechanical strength [1]. The efficiency of the treatment is usually associated with the nature of the product used, its penetration in the wood, and its permanence over the time [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general purpose of wood consolidation treatments is to ensure better internal structural cohesion and improved mechanical strength. Usually, there is a need to fill in, at least partially, the voids or wood cells to restore the mechanical properties lost [1][2][3]. In the consolidation of historical wood objects, also surface properties and appearance are important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consolidation of Fir Wood by Poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) Treatment: Study of Surface and Mechanical Characteristics

2020

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The ability of poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVBVA) to consolidate Fir wood was studied in terms of the surface and mechanical properties’ changes. Two variables were considered to treat the wood: (i) the concentration (5 and 10 wt.%) of PVBVA solutions and (ii) the method of application (brushing and immersion). The presence of PVBVA on the wood surfaces was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Surface roughness measured by optical profilometry did not reveal changes in the topography of the samples, and appropriate visual appearance was confirmed. Contact angle measurements showed that a droplet of the 10%-PVBVA solution needed ~50 s to reach the same contact angle decreasing rate as that measured for the 5%-PVBVA solution, suggesting there was some kind of induction time till the spreading process was no longer controlled by the viscosity, but by the solution-wood interactions. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements proved a more hydrophobic surface of the PVBVA-treated samples, compared to untreated wood. Mechanical characterization of the samples was done macroscopically by a three-point bending test and locally by the Shore D and Martens hardness (MH). Only results from MH experiments provided comparative results, indicating that treatment with PVBVA solutions increased wood hardness locally, being enhanced with solution concentration. The best surface mechanical properties were obtained for the samples immersed in the 10%-PVBVA solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consolidation of Fir Wood by Poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) Treatment: Study of Surface and Mechanical Characteristics

2020

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“…In the cross section of stems of many mature trees, two distinct regions can be distinguished, the sapwood (outer zone) and the heartwood (inner zone), the latter of which is usually relatively dark-coloured. The heartwood is composed of dead cells and usually has a darker appearance due to the abundance of extractive compounds such as tannin and terpenoids (Unger et al 2001 ; Pandey 2005 ). The structural strength of heartwood enhances its durability, and heartwood is more resistant against environmental degradation processes such as irradiation and attack by fungi or other microorganisms as well (Taylor et al 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR

2017

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Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy was applied to 120 samples of heartwood rings from eight individual pine trees from different locations in Spain. Pinus sylvestris cores were collected at the Artikutza natural park (Ps-ART). Pinus nigra cores were collected in Sierra de Cazorla (Pn-LIN) and in La Sagra Mountain (Pn-LSA). Three discriminant analysis tests were performed using all bands (DFT), lignin bands only (DFL) and polysaccharides bands only (DFP), to explore the ability of FTIR-ATR to separate between species and growing location. The DFL model enabled a good separation between pine species, whereas the DFP model enabled differentiation for both species and growing location. The DFT model enabled virtually perfect separation, based on two functions involving twelve FTIR bands. Discrimination between species was related to bands at 860 and 1655 cm−1, which were more intense in P. sylvestris samples, and bands at 1425 and 1635 cm−1, more intense in P. nigra samples. These vibrations were related to differences in lignin structure and polysaccharide linear chains. Discrimination between growing locations was mainly related to polysaccharide absorptions: at 900, 1085 and 1335 cm−1 more representative of Pn-LIN samples, and at 1105 and 1315 cm−1 mostly associated to Pn-LSA samples. These absorptions are related to β-glycosidic linkages (900 cm−1), cellulose and hemicellulose (C–O bonds, 1085 and 1105 cm−1) and content in amorphous/crystalline cellulose (1315 and 1335 cm−1). These results show that FTIR-ATR in combination with multivariate statistics can be a useful tool for species identification and provenancing for pine wood samples of unknown origin.

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“…Dřevomorka domácí nepotřebuje pro svůj růst velké množství vody, proto je schopná pře-žívat i v "suchém" dřevě. Pro vyklíčení spórů a iniciaci růstu potřebuje vlhkost mezi 40 až 60 % (Unger et al, 2001). Tuto vodu si dokáže přeměnit z degradovaných chemických komponentů dřeva.…”

Section: Diskuseunclassified

Comparison of the properties of the Spruce wood Picea abies L. (Karst.) in various state and rate of degradation by wood-destroying fungus Serpula lacrymans Schröter

Holan¹,

Merenda²

2014

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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History of Wood Conservation

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Consolidation of Fir Wood by Poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) Treatment: Study of Surface and Mechanical Characteristics

Consolidation of Fir Wood by Poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) Treatment: Study of Surface and Mechanical Characteristics

Differentiation between pine woods according to species and growing location using FTIR-ATR

Comparison of the properties of the Spruce wood Picea abies L. (Karst.) in various state and rate of degradation by wood-destroying fungus Serpula lacrymans Schröter

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