HIT‐6 and MIDAS as Measures of Headache Disability in a Headache Referral Population

Sauro, Khara M.; Rose, Michael; Becker, Werner J.; Christie, Suzanne; Giammarco, Rose; Mackie, Gordon; Eloff, Arnoldas G.; Gawel, Marek

doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2009.01544.x

Cited by 104 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While it is important clinically to know the number of headache days, such a value only provides headache day frequency, but it does not reflect to what extent headache affects the sufferer’s daily life. Our findings regarding the relative strength of the association between HIT-6 scores and headache pain intensity and headache frequency agree with those of another study (40) that also reported HIT-6 scores to be more strongly associated with headache pain severity than with headache frequency. However, in another study (41) headache frequency, but not headache severity, was strongly related to HIT-6 scores.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, in another study (41) headache frequency, but not headache severity, was strongly related to HIT-6 scores. In this latter study, pain severity was measured through headache diaries, whereas our study and the study of Sauro (40) assessed pain severity through a single question. This important methodological difference may account for the disparity in findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine

et al. 2010

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess psychometric properties of the six-item Headache Impact Text (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine.Methods: Using a migraine screener and number of headache days per month (HDPM), participants from the National Survey of Headache Impact (NSHI) study and the HIT-6 validation study (HIT6-V) were selected for this study. Eligible participants were categorized into three groups: chronic migraine (CM: ≥ 15 HDPM); episodic migraine (EM: < 15 HDPM); non-migraine headaches. Reliability and validity of the HIT-6 were evaluated.Results: A total of 2,049 survey participants met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for this study. Participants were identified as 6.4% CM; 42.1% EM; 51.5% non-migraine, with respective mean HIT-6 scores: 62.5 ± 7.8; 60.2 ± 6.8; and 49.1 ± 8.7. High reliability was demonstrated with internal consistency (time1/time2) of 0.83/0.87 in NSHI, and 0.82/0.92 in HIT6-V. Intra-class correlation for test-retest reliability was very good at 0.77. HIT-6 scores correlated significantly (p < .0001) with total Migraine Disability Assessment Scale scores (r = 0.56), headache pain severity (r = 0.46), and HDPM (r = 0.29). Discriminant validity analysis showed significantly different HIT-6 scores (F = 488.02, p < .0001) across the groups.Conclusion: Results from these analyses confirm that the HIT-6 is a reliable and valid tool for discriminating headache impact across episodic and chronic migraine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine

et al. 2010

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“…Using the HIT-6 and MIDAS together was advocated to give a more accurate assessment of a patient’s headache-related disability. [15]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and validity of Hindi translation of the migraine disability assessment and headache impact test-6 questionnaires

Juyal

Verma

Garg

et al. 2010

Ann Indian Acad Neurol

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Objective:The objective of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Hindi translation of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaires.Materials and Methods:The study was conducted on the migraine patients. For test–retest reliability, the respondents filled the MIDAS and HIT-6 questionnaires twice, at an interval of three weeks. For validity, the same population of patients filled the headache diary for three months. After three months they filled the MIDAS and HIT-6 questionnaires again. The patients were subgrouped according to their occupation and level of education. The test–retest reliability and validity were calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was calculated using the Cronbach alpha.Results:A total of 236 migraine patients were screened. Seventy-nine patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 69 patients completed the study. The HIT-6 questionnaire was applicable to all the subgroups of patients and had better comprehensibility than the MIDAS. Housewives missed out on the first two questions of the MIDAS and had lower mean MIDAS scores than HIT-6. The test–retest correlation coefficients for the total MIDAS and HIT-6 scores were 0.94 and 0.81, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the total score in the headache diary equivalent and the MIDAS and HIT-6 total score were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. Cronbach alpha, a measure of internal consistency for the MIDAS questionnaire was > 0.90 at all the compilations. For the HIT-6 questionnaire, it ranged from 0.67 to 0.79.Conclusion:The Hindi versions of MIDAS and HIT-6 questionnaires were reliable and valid, but could not be interchanged. HIT-6 had better comprehensibility.

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“…[34, 54] The HIT-6 consists of six items (pain, social functioning, role functioning, vitality, cognitive functioning, psychological distress) where respondents select one of five options: “never,” 6 points; “rarely,” 8 points; “sometimes,” 10 points; “very often,” 11 points; “always,” 13 points. Total score ranges from 36 to 78 points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myofascial Trigger Point-focused Head and Neck Massage for Recurrent Tension-type Headache

Moraska

Stenerson

Butryn³

et al. 2015

The Clinical Journal of Pain

109

125

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Objective Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are focal disruptions in skeletal muscle that can refer pain to the head and reproduce the pain patterns of tension-type headache (TTH). The present study applied massage focused on MTrPs of subjects with TTH in a placebo-controlled, clinical trial to assess efficacy on reducing headache pain. Methods Fifty-six subjects with TTH were randomized to receive 12 massage or placebo (detuned ultrasound) sessions over six weeks, or to wait-list. Trigger point release (TPR) massage focused on MTrPs in cervical musculature. Headache pain (frequency, intensity and duration) was recorded in a daily headache diary. Additional outcome measures included self-report of perceived clinical change in headache pain and pressure-pain threshold (PPT) at MTrPs in the upper trapezius and sub-occipital muscles. Results From diary recordings, group differences across time were detected in headache frequency (p=0.026), but not for intensity or duration. Post hoc analysis indicated headache frequency decreased from baseline for both massage (p<0.0003) and placebo (p=0.013), but no difference was detected between massage and placebo. Subject report of perceived clinical change was a greater reduction in headache pain for massage than placebo or wait-list groups (p=0.002). PPT improved in all muscles tested for massage only (all p's<0.002). Discussion Two findings from this study are apparent: 1) MTrPs are important components in the treatment of TTH, and 2) TTH, like other chronic conditions, is responsive to placebo. Clinical trials on headache that do not include a placebo group are at risk for overestimating the specific contribution from the active intervention.

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HIT‐6 and MIDAS as Measures of Headache Disability in a Headache Referral Population

Cited by 104 publications

References 33 publications

Validation of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine

Validation of the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6™) across episodic and chronic migraine

Reliability and validity of Hindi translation of the migraine disability assessment and headache impact test-6 questionnaires

Myofascial Trigger Point-focused Head and Neck Massage for Recurrent Tension-type Headache

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