HIV-1 diversity and compartmentalization in urine, semen, and blood

Stadtler, Hannah; Wescott, Elizabeth C.; Hughes, Kelly T.; Chang, Jerry; Gao, Feng; Klotman, Mary E.; Blasi, Maria Di

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000023063

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A study on SRLVs compartmentalization performed to date revealed the presence of different viral sequences in the blood, mammary gland, lungs, and central nervous system tissue in clinically affected sheep [6] and in the colostrum and peripheral blood of goats [5,8]. Similarly, compartmentalization has been well documented in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and genital tract, as well as in the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and breast milk of patients infected with HIV-1 [34][35][36][37][38]. In the current study, SRLVs sequences from PBLs and milk epithelial cells were genetically similar suggesting an equilibrium of virus between these compartments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quasispecies Composition of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Found in Blood Leukocytes and Milk Epithelial Cells

Olech

Bomba

Kuźmak

2021

Viruses

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) exist as populations of closely related genetic variants, known as quasispecies, within an individual host. The privileged way of SRLVs transmission in goats is through the ingestion of colostrum and milk of infected does. Thus, characterization of SRLV variants transmitted through the milk, including milk epithelial cells (MEC), may provide useful information about the transmission and evolution of SRLVs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect SRLVs in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and milk epithelial cells of goats naturally infected with SRLVs and perform single nucleotide variations analysis to characterize the extent of genetic heterogeneity of detected SRLVs through comparison of their gag gene sequences. Blood and milk samples from 24 seropositive goats were tested in this study. The double immunolabeling against p28 and cytokeratin demonstrated that milk epithelial cells originated from naturally infected goats were infected by SRLVs. Moreover, PCR confirmed the presence of the integrated SRLVs proviral genome indicating that MECs may have a role as a reservoir of SRLVs and can transmit the virus through milk. The blood and MEC derived sequences from 7 goats were successfully sequenced using NGS and revealed that these sequences were genetically similar. The MEC and blood-derived sequences contained from 3 to 30 (mean, 10.8) and from 1 to 10 (mean, 5.4) unique SNVs, respectively. In five out of seven goats, SNVs occurred more frequent in MEC derived sequences. Non-synonymous SNVs were found in both, PBLs and MEC-derived sequences of analyzed goats and their total number differed between animals. The results of this study add to our understanding of SRLVs genomic variability. Our data provides evidence for the existence of SRLVs quasispecies and to our knowledge, this is the first study that showed quasispecies composition and minority variants of SRLVs present milk epithelial cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quasispecies Composition of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Found in Blood Leukocytes and Milk Epithelial Cells

Olech

Bomba

Kuźmak

2021

Viruses

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“…In the early 1980s, the first cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were recorded around the world, and innumerable reports drew the attention of the scientific and medical community to the high mortality rates in the patients affected by this new pathogen [1,2]. Initially, this epidemic was associated with specific groups, such as men that have sex with men, drug users, and recipients of blood transfusions [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Form for Assessing Dentists’ Knowledge about Oral Care of People Living with HIV

Fonseca

Laurentino

Menezes

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Oral lesions are usually the first sign of HIV infection. The present study aimed to determine the level of the knowledge of dentists on the dental care needs of People Living with HIV (PLWH). This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2021, in the Brazilian state of Pará, during which a total of 51 dentists received an anonymous digital form (Google® Forms Platform) composed of four blocks of discursive, dichotomous, and multiple-choice questions. The questions referred to various aspects of the dental care needs of PLWH, together with data on the professional activities of the dentists. After signing the term of informed consent, the dentists were divided into six subgroups according to the time (in years) since completing their bachelor’s degree in dentistry. The data were presented as descriptive statistics and percentages, and then analyzed using the Kappa test. Most (70.6%; 36 of 51) of the dentists were female, the mean age of the dentists was 32.5 years, and a majority (80.2%) were based in the city of Belem; the mean time since graduation was 8.5 years, with 22 (43.1%) having more than 5 years of professional experience, and 31 (60.8%) having graduated from a private dental college. Just over half (51%) of the 51 dentists had completed graduate courses, and the most common dental specialty was orthodontics (19.6%). Most (74.5%) of the dentists work in the private sector, 38 (74.5%) claimed to have already provided oral care to PLWH, and 43 (84.3%) had access to specialist content on the oral care needs of PLWH. In terms of the knowledge of the dentists with regard to the oral care needs of PLWH, four of the ten diagnostic questions obtained more inadequate answers than expected, whereas the final two questions (11–45.1% and 12–31.4%) demonstrated that many of the dentists adopt unnecessary modifications in their oral care protocol for PLWH, due to a fear of contamination. Overall, our results demonstrate a frequent lack of knowledge, especially with regard to the oral healthcare needs of PLWH, which may account for many of the stigmas that persist in the dental care of this vulnerable group.

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“…Despite multicenter pilot studies reported that overall patient and graft survival in HIV+ donor to HIV+ recipients were excellent [13][14][15], the main concern about HIV/HIV transplantation is the possibility of donor derived HIV superinfection of the recipients. Kidneys and livers are considered a reservoir of HIV infection: compartimentalized HIV replication has been demonstrated in kidneys, with site-specific viral variants in urine segregating from those present in plasma [16,17], whereas livers may harbor latently infected cells in subjects under effective antiviral treatment [18]. Ultradeep sequencing (UDS) of viral quasispecies is a poweful tool to investigate variant mixture among infected individuals and has been used to trace transmission chains and cluster identification [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of HIV quasispecies and virological outcome of an HIV D+/R+ kidney–liver transplantation

Rozera¹,

Visco-Comandini

Giombini³

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Introduction Transplantation among HIV positive patients may be a valuable therapeutic intervention. This study involves an HIV D+/R+ kidney–liver transplantation, where PBMC-associated HIV quasispecies were analyzed in donor and transplant recipients (TR) prior to transplantation and thereafter, together with standard viral monitoring. Methods The donor was a 54 year of age HIV infected woman: kidney and liver recipients were two HIV infected men, aged 49 and 61. HIV quasispecies in PBMC was analyzed by ultra-deep sequencing of V3 env region. During TR follow-up, plasma HIV-1 RNA, HIV-1 DNA in PBMC, analysis of proviral integration sites and drug-resistance genotyping were performed. Other virological and immunological monitoring included CMV and EBV DNA quantification in blood and CD4 T cell counts. Results Donor and TR were all ART-HIV suppressed at transplantation. Thereafter, TR maintained a nearly suppressed HIV-1 viremia, but HIV-1 RNA blips and the increase of proviral integration sites in PBMC attested some residual HIV replication. A transient peak in HIV-1 DNA occurred in the liver recipient. No major changes of drug-resistance genotype were detected after transplantation. CMV and EBV transient reactivations were observed only in the kidney recipient, but did not require specific treatment. CD4 counts remained stable. No intermixed quasispecies between donor and TR was observed at transplantation or thereafter. Despite signs of viral evolution in TR, HIV genetic heterogeneity did not increase over the course of the months of follow up. Conclusions No evidence of HIV superinfection was observed in the donor nor in the recipients. The immunosuppressive treatment administrated to TR did not result in clinical relevant viral reactivations.

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HIV-1 diversity and compartmentalization in urine, semen, and blood

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Quasispecies Composition of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Found in Blood Leukocytes and Milk Epithelial Cells

Quasispecies Composition of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Found in Blood Leukocytes and Milk Epithelial Cells

Digital Form for Assessing Dentists’ Knowledge about Oral Care of People Living with HIV

Analysis of HIV quasispecies and virological outcome of an HIV D+/R+ kidney–liver transplantation

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