HIV-Antibody Detection in Vitreous Humor and Serum by Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay and Particle Agglutination Test

Schor, Paulo; Sato, Élcio Hideo; Kuroda, Akemi; Barros, P S M; Marcopito, Luiz A.; Belfort, Rubens

doi:10.1097/00003226-199709000-00009

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies stated that EIA and ELISA gave reliable results (Pepose et al ; Cavanaugh and King ; Leshchinskaia and Smol'skaia ; Karhunen et al ; Essary et al ; Schor et al ; Cattaneo et al ; Padley et al ; Edler et al ; Wilkemeyer et al ; Greenwald et al ), while some studies observed a false positive rate of 0.8% (Wilkemeyer et al ) and 6.7% (Heim et al ). Similarly, Western blot was found to reliably detect HIV in post‐mortem tissue (Cavanaugh and King ; Karhunen et al ; Essary et al ; Schor et al ). Furthermore, Essary et al () determined that EIA and Western blot were more effective compared to NAT because four HIV‐positive samples inhibited PCR amplification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correspondingly to rapid HIV assays, particle agglutination may be useful as less complex technology is needed and gives similar results to ELISA (Cattaneo et al ). However, few studies used particle agglutination (Leshchinskaia and Smol'skaia ; Schor et al ; Cattaneo et al ). In contrast, recombinant immunoblot assays gave moderate results, and may be more suitable for ante‐mortem samples (Little and Ferris ; Leshchinskaia and Smol'skaia ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some post‐mortem studies used different tissues to ascertain if a certain tissue might be more effective compared to blood or serum. These tissues included pleural fluid (Douceron et al , ), pericardial fluid (Douceron et al ), skin (Gala et al ), lymph nodes (Nyberg et al ; Ball et al ; Padley et al ), bile (Karhunen et al ), lung (Ball et al ), brain (Nyberg et al ; Ball et al ), spleen (Nyberg et al ; Ball et al ), cerebrospinal fluid (Nyberg et al ; Ball et al ), bone (Nyberg et al ; Salzman et al ), bone marrow (Nyberg et al ) and vitreous fluid (Pepose et al ; Klatt et al ; Mietz et al ; Karhunen et al ; Schor et al ). In the majority of cases, HIV could be detected in most samples, with similar reliability to blood or serum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As vitreous humor can easily be retrieved from the body, several researchers tested vitreous humor for HIV. Unfortunately, most studies concluded that testing vitreous humor was unreliable compared to other bodily fluids because a high false negative rate was reported (Pepose et al ; Klatt et al ; Mietz et al ; Schor et al ). In contrast, Karhunen et al () consistently detected HIV in vitreous fluid using several different types of tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Human immunodeficiency virus in cadavers: A review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Millions of people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, limited research focuses on post-mortem HIV detection. Post-mortem HIV testing is vital because medical records are not always available, and the HIV status can be unknown. The aims of this study were to review the available literature and determine the most efficient HIV test for post-mortem samples, the optimal tissue or bodily fluid to be tested, and the duration that HIV remains reliably detectable. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Terms were related to HIV (HIV detection, HIV testing, HIV prevalence) and deceased individuals (post-mortem, cadaver, deceased, organ donor). Inclusion criteria included English studies, or articles with at least an English abstract, while review articles were excluded. From this literature search, 43 studies were applicable. These studies most commonly used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot as screening and confirmation tests, respectively. As for the optimal tissue or bodily fluid, serum remained the golden standard, while testing skin seemed promising. HIV remains detectable in the body up to 58 days after death, although few studies tested samples after 48 h. Knowledge of the HIV status can be beneficial in the case of accidental exposure and can create a range of possible research opportunities on the effects of HIV in different organ systems. This review outlined several gaps in the current literature and future studies should investigate these gaps because this information can be relevant to numerous professions. Clin. Anat. 32:603-610, 2019.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Human immunodeficiency virus in cadavers: A review

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Vitreous humor analysis for the detection of xenobiotics in forensic toxicology: a review

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vitreous humor (VH) is a gelatinous substance contained in the posterior chamber of the eye, playing a mechanical role in the eyeball. It has been the subject of numerous studies in various forensic applications, primarily for the assessment of postmortem interval and for postmortem chemical analysis. Since most of the xenobiotics present in the bloodstream are detected in VH after crossing the selective blood-retinal barrier, VH is an alternative matrix useful for forensic toxicology. VH analysis offers particular advantages over other biological matrices: it is less prone to postmortem redistribution, is easy to collect, has relatively few interfering compounds for the analytical process, and shows sample stability over time after death. The present study is an overview of VH physiology, drug transport and elimination. Collection, storage, analytical techniques and interpretation of results from qualitative and quantitative points of view are dealt with. The distribution of xenobiotics in VH samples is thus discussed and illustrated by a table reporting the concentrations of 106 drugs from more than 300 case reports. For this purpose, a survey was conducted of publications found in the MEDLINE database from 1969 through April 30, 2015.

show abstract