HIV Antigens and T‐Cell Receptor Variable Beta Chain Families

Jason, Janine; Inge, K. L.; Orloff, Sherry L.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-368.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This would be analogous to measuring expression of variable ␤-chain families of the T-cell receptor too long after superantigen stimulation (9). In this Malawi study, we found that in many instances, spontaneous cytokine production was not associated with a significant difference in induced production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Spontaneous Cytokine Production and Its Effect on Induced Production

Walker

Jason

Wallace

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Cytokines regulate cellular immune activity and are produced by a variety of cells, especially lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Multiparameter flow cytometry is often used to examine cell-specific cytokine production after in vitro phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin induction, with brefeldin A or other agents added to inhibit protein secretion. Spontaneous ex vivo production reportedly rarely occurs. We examined the spontaneous production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), and gamma interferon (IFN-␥) by peripheral-blood B lymphocytes, T cells, CD8 We also evaluated the relationship between spontaneous and induced cytokine production. In patients, spontaneous TNF-␣ production occurred most frequently, followed in descending order by IFN-␥, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2. Various cells of 60 patients spontaneously produced TNF-␣; for 12 of these patients, TNF-␣ was the only cytokine produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was most frequent in the immunoregulatory cells, NK and NT. For IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, spontaneous cytokine production was associated with greater induced production. For TNF-␣ and IFN-␥, the relationships varied by cell type. For healthy adults, IL-6 was the cytokine most often produced spontaneously. Spontaneous cytokine production was not unusual in these acutely ill and healthy persons living in an area where human immunodeficiency virus, mycobacterial, malaria, and assorted parasitic infections are endemic. In such populations, spontaneous, as well as induced, cell-specific cytokine production should be measured and evaluated in relation to various disease states.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Spontaneous Cytokine Production and Its Effect on Induced Production

Walker

Jason

Wallace

et al. 2002

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Viral particles are extremely sensitive to chemicals (20% ethyl ether, acetone and 0.2% sodium hypochlorite solution). They show resistance to ultraviolet radiation [14,15].…”

Section: Fig 3 Death Of Cd4 Lymphocytes Under Microscopy Micrograph Shows the Fusion Of Membranes Of Infected Helpers With The Formation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Solutions in the Treatment of HIV: From Antiretroviral Drug Therapy to Human Genome Editing

Sebaeva

Gelogaeva

Suleymanova

et al. 2021

JPRI

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a group of anthroponotic viral diseases that cause HIV infection in the human body, apotheosely transforming into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV infection, in people without adequate treatment, can lead to serious damage to the immune system (hereinafter referred to as IS), which leads to a sharp decrease in resistance to conditionally pathogenic microbes, as well as to the prevalence of oncological pathologies that may lead to death. Due to its simplicity, convenience, efficiency and cost-effectiveness, CRISPR/Cas has found application in a short period of time in a wide variety of fields of fundamental and applied medicine and biotechnology.

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