HIV prevalence among injecting drug users in England and Wales 1990 to 2003: evidence for increased transmission in recent years

Hope, Vivian; Judd, Ali; Hickman, Matthew; Sutton, Andrew; Stimson, Gerry V.; Parry, John; Gill, O Nöel

doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000176222.71355.a1

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…PWID have been recruited into a voluntary unlinked anonymous monitoring system in the UK since 1990; methodological details of this series of annual crosssectional surveys have been published previously [20,21]. Briefly, agencies providing services to PWID (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection?

et al. 2016

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The recent, and rapid, emergence of injection of the short-acting stimulant mephedrone (4-methylmethcathione) has resulted in concerns about increased infection risks among people who inject drugs (PWID). Data from the bio-behavioural surveillance of PWID in the United Kingdom were analysed to examine the impact of mephedrone injection on infections among PWID. During the year preceding the survey, 8.0% of PWID (163/2,047) had injected mephedrone. In multivariable analyses, those injecting mephedrone were younger, less likely to have injected opiates, and more likely to have injected cocaine or amphetamines, used needle/syringe programmes or sexual health clinics, been recruited in Wales and Northern Ireland or shared needles/syringes. There were no differences in sexual risks. Those injecting mephedrone more often had hepatitis C antibodies (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–2.12), human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 5.43; 95% CI: 1.90–15.5) and overdosed (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.12–2.57). There were no differences in the frequency of injecting site infections or prevalence of hepatitis B. The elevated levels of risk and infections are a concern considering its recent emergence. Mephedrone injection may currently be focused among higher-risk or more vulnerable groups. Targeted responses are needed to prevent an increase in harm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data were adjusted for age, sex and region as these factors are known to be associated with these harms [20,21,25,26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection?

et al. 2016

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“…Methodological details of this system, a series of annual cross-sectional surveys, have been published previously (Hope, et al, 2005;Sweeting, et al, 2009). Briefly, agencies providing services to PWID (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-reported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs (PWID) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

O’Halloran

Cullen

Njoroge

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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The extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and selfreported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs (PWID) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6768/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. LJMU Research OnlineThe extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-reported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland AbstractThe extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-reported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

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“…Consider ando la consistencia y volumen de la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia y efectividad de dichos programas de reducción de daños y riesgos en la prevención [11][12][13] y manejo [14][15][16] del VIH en el colectivo de UDVP, y dada la situación epidemiológica de la infección por el VIH en dicho colectivo (la incidencia del VIH en el colectivo de UDVP no sólo sigue aumentando en diferentes ámbitos geográficos, por ejemplo, del Sudeste Asiático 17 o de Europa del Este 18 , sino que incluso experimenta repuntes en territorios o grupos concretos de UDVP pertenecientes a países con una aparentemente aceptable estructura de programas de reducción de daños [19][20][21] ), puede afirmarse que hay que evitar la complacencia en relación con la diversificación, accesibilidad y cobertura de los programas de reducción de daños y riesgos dirigidos a UDVP (Tabla 1).…”

Section: Datos Recientesunclassified

Infección por VIH y usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral: Urgencia de la revitalización de los programas de reducción de daños

Trujols¹,

Iraurgi

Solà

et al. 2010

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The HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) has led to greater support for the development of the harm-reduction perspective. This has proven to be a driving force for initially reluctant policy makers, managers and health care providers and has facilitated the implementation of harm-reduction programmes. This article presents recent data, both global and at the European and Spanish levels, about a) the epidemiological situation of HIV infection among IDUs, and b) the state of development of harm-reduction programmes. The incidence of HIV infection among IDUs not only continues to grow in different areas of, for example, Southeast Asia or Eastern Europe, but has even shown an upturn in cities or specific IDU groups in parts of Western Europe with apparently comprehensive harm-reduction strategies. On the other hand, of the 158 countries that acknowledge illegal drug use via injection in their territory, only 82 support harm reduction, explicitly in national policy documents and/or through the implementation or tolerance of interventions such as needle exchange programmes or opioid agonist programmes. These data, in conjunction with the high-quality and consistent evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of harm-and risk-reduction programmes for HIV prevention and management among IDUs, should serve as a call to avoid complacency with regard to the diversification, accessibility and coverage of harm-and risk-reduction programmes for IDUs.Key words: injecting drug users, harm-and risk-reduction programmes, HIV prevention and management, injection-related HIV risk practices, sexrelated HIV risk practices. RESUMEN ABSTRACTLa epidemia del VIH entre los usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral (UDVP) ha propiciado un mayor impulso a la perspectiva de la reducción de daños y ha sido el principal motivo por el que tanto responsables políticos y gestores como profesionales de la atención a la salud inicialmente reacios han posibilitado la implementación de este tipo de programas. Este artículo presenta datos recientes, tanto a nivel global como europeo y estatal, a) de la situación epidemiológica de la infección por VIH entre los UDVP y b) del estado de desarrollo de los programas de reducción de daños. La incidencia del VIH en el colectivo de UDVP no sólo sigue aumentando en diferentes ámbitos geográficos, por ejemplo, del Sudeste Asiático o de Europa del Este, sino que incluso experimenta repuntes en ciudades o grupos concretos de UDVP pertenecientes a territorios de Europa Occidental con una aparentemente aceptable estrategia de reducción de daños. Asimismo, de los 158 países que reconocen que en su territorio se consumen drogas ilegalizadas por vía endovenosa, únicamente 82 de ellos apoyan la reducción de daños, explícitamen-te en documentos sobre políticas de ámbito nacional y/o mediante la implementación o tolerancia de intervenciones como los programas de intercambio de jeringas o los de mantenimiento con agonistas opioides. Estos datos, confrontados con la consistencia y volumen de la evidencia disponible s...

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HIV prevalence among injecting drug users in England and Wales 1990 to 2003: evidence for increased transmission in recent years

Abstract: These data suggest that incidence and prevalence of HIV may have increased, whereas other indicators suggest an increase in risk behaviour. It is critical that harm reduction measures are reinvigorated, and evolve in response to changes in drug use risk behaviours and policy.

Cited by 47 publications

References 27 publications

Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection?

Is the recent emergence of mephedrone injecting in the United Kingdom associated with elevated risk behaviours and blood borne virus infection?

The extent of and factors associated with self-reported overdose and self-reported receipt of naloxone among people who inject drugs (PWID) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

Infección por VIH y usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral: Urgencia de la revitalización de los programas de reducción de daños

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