HIV stigma: perceptions from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in a community dental clinic

Toth, Steven; York, Jill; DePinto, Nicholas

doi:10.15171/joddd.2016.042

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, criterion validity could not be assessed, because there is currently no “gold standard” scale for measuring of HIV-related stigma in this group. Fifthly, previous study indicated that there were significant differences between stigma perceived by the general negative population and that perceived by HIV-positive individuals [11, 14]. However, HIV- positive students were not excluded from the current analysis, because only a minority (7.7%) of participants reported to have ever been tested for the virus and their HIV infection status was not further assessed with a gold standard diagnostic test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Chinese version of Zelaya’s HIV-related stigma scale to undergraduates in mainland China

Ruan

Zhou

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThis cross-sectional study aims to validate the Chinese version of Zelaya’s HIV-related Stigma Scale (CVZHSS) among a large undergraduate sample in mainland China, and apply it to measure the level of different dimensions of stigma and their respective determinants.MethodsFrom September 10, 2018, to January 9, 2019, a total of 10,665 eligible undergraduates conveniently drawn from 30 provinces in mainland China (except for Tibet) completed the self-designed online questionnaire distributed via sojump.com voluntarily, anonymously and confidentially. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were first performed to test its construct validity, Cronbach’s alpha was then used to assess its internal consistency, and Logistic regression analyses were finally carried out to identify predictors of various dimensions of stigma.ResultsAs expected from the original model, four factors (i.e., “fear of casual transmission”, “moral judgment”, “personal stigma” and “perceived community stigma”) were extracted using principal component analysis with varimax rotation, accounting for 63.26% of the total variance. The CFA further confirmed the four-factor construct (CFI = 0.92, GFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.07). In addition, all the four factors demonstrated acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.83 to 0.92. Stigma as measured by “fear of casual transmission” (74.4%), “moral judgement” (61.6%), “personal stigma” (79.0%) and “perceived community stigma”(36.5%) is highly prevalent among undergraduates. Except for non-freshmen, less knowledge about HIV and unsafe sex which were consistently associated with higher levels of stigma in all four dimensions, other eight variables including gender, residential area, major, sexual orientation, having ever being tested perception of HIV risk, willingness to utilize HTC service and awareness of the national AIDS policy played differential roles in affecting different dimensions of stigma.ConclusionsThe CVZHSS is a reliable and valid measurement tool and can be used to identify undergraduates with high levels of stigma. However, the four dimensions (Fear, moral judgement, personal stigma and perceived community stigma) were respectively influenced by different determinants, and thus should be treated independently when designing, implementing and evaluating stigma reduction programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Chinese version of Zelaya’s HIV-related stigma scale to undergraduates in mainland China

Ruan

Zhou

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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“…Death of patients, the lack of relevant facilities and ethical issues, and the persistence of these problems, along with the lack of action to receive mental health services by HCWs for a variety of reasons, including stigma, denial, conflicting time demands, and the like can lead to chronic disorders ( 5 ). In fact, stigma, in the form of a negative attitude toward people with certain conditions or illnesses ( 6 ), may prevent HCWs from pursue diagnostic and therapeutic measures related to psychiatric symptoms. This can lead to serious psychiatric disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ( 7 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Stigma among Health Care Workers in Contact with COVID-19 Patients

Zandifar¹,

Badrfam

Khonsari

et al. 2020

IJPS

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Objective: The global spread of COVID-19 has caused great psychological stress in health care workers (HCWs). This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and stigma among health care workers (HCWs) who are involved in treating COVID-19 patients. This study was conducted as part of studies related to assessing the mental health status of HCWs in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Overall, in this cross sectional study, 894 HCWs working in 9 general hospitals in Alborz province, Iran, in the field of diagnostic and treatment care of patients with COVID-19 were selected using multistage sampling method. PTSS and its subscales, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyper vigilance were obtained based on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-8 Item validated questionnaire. Information on Stigma's perception among HCWs was also obtained based on a questionnaire adopted from the HIV Stigma Scale. Predictors of PTSS and Stigma's perception among HCWs were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, 71.4% of the participants were women and 46.9% were front line staff. The prevalence of intrusion, avoidance, and hyper vigilance symptoms was 44.2% (95% CI: 40.8-47.6), 31. 8% (95% CI: 28.8-35.0), and 37.7% (95% CI: 34.5-41.0), respectively. A strong and positive significant correlation was found between stigma score with PTSD total score (coefficient: 0.83) and its components. In multivariate logistic regression model, female gender was associated with intrusion (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03-2.06) and avoidance (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.147-2.417) and working in frontline increased the odds of intrusion (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.97) and hyper vigilance (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.91). Conclusion: The prevalence of PTSS is high among HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic and it is associated with some demographic characteristics of HCWs. This situation should be considered by health policymakers so that while trying to control the disease, the mental health status of this group of personnel should be given much attention.

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“…Therefore, the higher score reveals 5 the higher level of stigma[ 15]. Toth et al examined the reliability of stigma scale by test-retest correlation and its reliability was confirmed at 0.92( 15). In the current study, the Persian translated version of Berger HIV Stigma Scale was used, which has been previously used in numerous studies in Iran[ 16,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The total stigma score of this scale ranges 40-160. Therefore, the higher score reveals 5 the higher level of stigma[ 15]. Toth et al examined the reliability of stigma scale by test-retest correlation and its reliability was confirmed at 0.92( 15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Stress Management Training on Stigma and Social Phobia in HIV‐positive women

Shamsaei

Tahour

Sadeghian

2019

Preprint

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Objectives: This study was to investigate the effect of stress management training on the stigma and social phobia of HIV‐positive women. Methods: This semi-experimental was conducted on 55 HIV‐positive using census sampling. The participants referred to Shohada Comprehensive Health Center in Hamadan, west of Iran, in 2017. Stress management training was conducted in 5 sessions for a group of 8-10 participants. The data collection tools were Berger HIV Stigma and Connor Social Phobia Scale. The questionnaires were filled before and 2 weeks after the intervention. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.5 and the duration of HIV infection was 6.5 years. 55% of patients were married and 80% were infected by sexual intercourse. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of stigma and social phobia before and after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusions: Stress management training has been effective in the decrease of stigma and social phobia among HIV positive women.

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HIV stigma: perceptions from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in a community dental clinic

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Application of the Chinese version of Zelaya’s HIV-related stigma scale to undergraduates in mainland China

Application of the Chinese version of Zelaya’s HIV-related stigma scale to undergraduates in mainland China

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Stigma among Health Care Workers in Contact with COVID-19 Patients

The Effect of Stress Management Training on Stigma and Social Phobia in HIV‐positive women

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