HLA Alleles and Haplotypes in French North African Immigrants

HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allele frequencies in Cyrenaica population (Libya) and genetic relationships with other populations

“…These genes are located on the short arm of human chromosome 6 (6p21.3). The frequencies of the various HLA alleles, and their linkage disequilibrium patterns, differ significantly among different human populations [3]. Knowledge of this genetic system is helpful in organ and in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, vaccine development, and disease association.…”

High-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium of HLA-B and -C and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in a Taiwanese population

“…Hence, haplotype determination is becoming important in transplantation medicine. The determination of HLA haplotypes may be accomplished by HLA typing of bloodrelated family members [2] and prediction from a large-size population tissue typing [1,3,4]. Alternatively, it can be achieved by deducing typing results on donors with allelic homozygosities in the HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci [5].…”

“…Alternatively, it can be achieved by deducing typing results on donors with allelic homozygosities in the HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci [5]. LD, a phenomenon whereby certain combinations of alleles occur on HLA haplotypes within a population more frequently than expected based upon gene frequencies, is commonly observed and has important clinical and biological implications [2]. The alleles of HLA-B and -C, as well as the alleles of HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1, have strong LD, yet very few LD reports on high-resolution allelic level of HLA-B:-C or HLA-DRB1:-DQB1 are available; these information appeared to be lacking in the Taiwanese population.…”

Using high-resolution human leukocyte antigen typing of 11,423 randomized unrelated individuals to determine allelic varieties, deduce probable human leukocyte antigen haplotypes, and observe linkage disequilibria between human leukocyte antigen-B and-C and human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 and-DQB1 alleles in the Taiwanese Chinese population

“…Alternatively, it can be achieved by deducing typing results from donors with allelic homozygosities in the HLA-A,-B, and-DRB1 loci [8]. In family study, segregation of HLA individual alleles provides evidence of allelic linkages [9]. In population study, determination of haplotypes involves noting whether alleles at other loci are consistently present and family study is not performed.…”

“…Instead, most available haplotype data are derived from studies of unrelated individuals in whom the putative haplotype is defined by statistical association analysis [6]. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), a phenomenon whereby certain combinations of alleles occur in HLA haplotypes within a population more frequently than expected based on gene frequencies, is commonly observed and has important clinical and biological implications [9]. The alleles of HLA-B and-C as well as HLA-DRB1 and-DQB1 are known to have strong LD, yet very few LD reports on the high-resolution allelic level are available in the Taiwanese Chinese population.…”