HLA and Insulin Dependent Diabetes in South African Indians

Hammond, M. G.; Asmal, A. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00914.x

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…HNF4A and PAX4 were also associated with early-onset diabetes in Tunisian patients. T1DM on the other hand did not have several associated genes, the records retrieved rather investigated the association of HLA alleles to disease susceptibility [50][51][52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-onset diabetes in Africa: A mini-review of the current genetic profile

Adadey,

Mensah,

Acquah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Early-onset diabetes is poorly diagnosed partly due to its heterogeneity and variable presentations. Although several genes have been associated with the disease, these genes are not well studied in Africa. We sought to identify the major neonatal, early childhood, juvenile, or early-onset diabetes genes in Africa; and evaluate the available molecular methods used for investigating these gene variants. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Africa-Wide Information, and Web of Science databases. The retrieved records were screened and analyzed to identify genetic variants associated with early-onset diabetes. Although 319 records were retrieved, 32 were considered for the current review. Most of these records (22/32) were from North Africa. The disease condition was genetically heterogenous with most cases possessing unique gene variants. We identified 22 genes associated with early-onset diabetes, 9 of which had variants (n=19) classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (PLP). Among the PLP variants,IER3IP1: p.(Leu78Pro) was the variant with the highest number of cases. There was limited data from West Africa, hence the contribution of genetic variability to early-onset diabetes in Africa could not be comprehensively evaluated. It is worth mentioning that most studies were focused on natural products as antidiabetics and only a few studies reported on the genetics of the disease.ABCC8andKCNJ11were implicated as major contributors to early-onset diabetes gene networks. Gene ontology analysis of the network associated ion channels, impaired glucose tolerance, and decreased insulin secretions to the disease. Our review highlights 9 genes from which PLP variants have been identified and can be considered for the development of an African diagnostic panel. There is a gap in early-onset diabetes genetic research from sub-Saharan Africa which is much needed to develop a comprehensive, efficient, and cost-effective genetic panel that will be useful in clinical practice on the continent and among the African diasporas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-onset diabetes in Africa: A mini-review of the current genetic profile

Adadey,

Mensah,

Acquah

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Earlier reports on the distribution of HLA antigens in North Indians (Singal, 1972;Bale et al, 1980;Hammond & Asmal, 1980;Mittal et al, 1982;Mehra et al, 1986) were based on serological typing. Lately, sporadic reports have appeared on the molecular diversity of HLA-A*02 and A*19 (Mehra et al, 2001;Jaini et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are more than 451 allelic variants of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, 782 alleles of HLA-B, 238 alleles for HLA-C locus (Marsh et al, 2005). HLA class-I antigens have been studied in Indian populations earlier using serological techniques (Singal, 1972;Bale et al, 1980;Hammond & Asmal, 1980;Mittal et al, 1982;Mehra et al, 1986). Serologically defined HLA specificities can now be identified as clusters of alleles defined at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diversity of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C alleles in a North Indian population as determined by PCR‐SSOP

Rani

Marcos

Lázaro

et al. 2007

Int J Immunogenetics

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We have used molecular methods to determine the frequencies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B and -C alleles in normal, healthy, unrelated individuals from North India using polymerase chain reaction and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes as there is no comprehensive report showing molecular diversity of all the class-I alleles present in North Indians. A*0101, A*0206, A*0301, A*1101, A*6801, A*2401 and A*3101 were the most prevalent alleles of the A locus with 91.11% of the samples showing heterozygosity. At the HLA-B locus a total of 47 B locus alleles were observed and the only allele found with an allele frequency of 15% was B*5801. Other frequent B-locus alleles observed were B*5101, B*3503 and B*4006 with relatively less frequent alleles like B*5201, B*3501, B*0702, B*4403, B*5701, B*1801 and B*5501. Of the samples studied 92.31% were heterozygous for B-locus alleles. Cw*0602 and Cw*0401 were the most frequent C-locus alleles. Other frequent C-locus alleles were Cw*0102, Cw*0302, Cw*0701, Cw*0702, Cw*1202, Cw*1203, Cw*1502 and Cw*1503. HLA alleles common in Africans like B*5801, A*68012, B*5301, B*44032, B*4006 and Cw*1701 were observed in the North Indians besides oriental alleles like B*1301, B*1502 and B*4001 confirming that the genetic make-up of North Indians is Caucasoid with elements of Mongoloid and Negrito races. Some new/rare alleles like B*1802, described as a new allele from Thailand and B*8101, described earlier in a Bubi population were also observed although with low frequencies, showing the diversity of HLA class-I alleles present in the North Indians.

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“…Alternatively, it is possible that a different aetiological factor with a distinctive genetic susceptibility is present in the south. In this context it is interesting to note that Hammond & Asmal (1980) reported a striking contrast for HLA associations between diabetic patients in South Africa whose ancestors were originally from…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%