HLA Class II Alleles in the Otomi Population of the Mezquital Valley: A Genetic Approach to the History of Interethnic Migrations in the Mexican Central Plateau

Abstract

From a historical and genetic point of view, the Otomi of the Mezquital Valley are a frontier people that have played an important role in the population dynamics of the Mexican Central Plateau. Due to the antiquity of their presence in the area, the Otomi may be bearers of ancient genetic variability, shared mainly today with other groups belonging to the Otomanguean linguistic family and with the Nahua. In this study we analyzed the HLA class II allele frequencies reported in Mexican indigenous populations, in order to provide an intraregional-level historical perspective of the genetic relationships between the Otomi of the Mezquital Valley and indigenous populations from other regions of Mexico. We examined genetic variation in HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 loci in 66 nonrelated individuals belonging to seven indigenous communities from the Ixmiquilpan municipality in the Mezquital Valley, in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. The variability of the HLA-DRB1 gene among the Otomi of the Mezquital Valley was mainly concentrated in five alleles: -DRB1*08:02 (31.06%), -DRB1*04:07 (25.77%), -DRB1*14:06 (7.55%), -DRB1*14:02 (6.06%), and -DRB1*16:02 (4.55%); these alleles have been previously described in other indigenous populations. The most frequent alleles at the HLA-DQB1 locus were -DQB1*03:02 (34.09%), -DQB1*04:02 (31.03%), and -DQB1*03:01 (19.7%). Furthermore, the HLA-DQB1*02:02 allele was found in the Otomi group with a frequency of 2.27%; this allele has not been reported in Mexican indigenous populations. In conclusion, the genetic constitution of the Otomi population is intermediate to the northern groups and the genetic variability shared by the peoples of the central regions of Mexico. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 allelic variability among the Otomi provides insight into the historical processes implied in the biological admixture with European, Asian, and African populations as well as in the admixture with the population of Mexico City associated with long-standing migratory processes.

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“…Individuals having Amerindian ancestral component were recruited through campaigns carried out by the INER in rural locations, with the prior authorization of the corresponding authorities. Historical and linguistic studies were employed to characterize participants and they had to have at least two generations with the same Amerindian ancestry, the groups included in the study were: the Otomi (from the Mezquital Valley, State of Hidalgo), 16 the Mazahua (northwest of the State of Mexico) and the Maya group (State of Yucatán).…”

Mestizos y mestizajes: Diversidad, variación y pluralidad de las mezclas poblacionales en México

“…Una comprensión más refinada de los mestizajes no sólo debe incorporar las categorías locales, entender las variaciones entre los sistemas de parentesco y organización social, sino que también puede beneficiarse En México, los datos moleculares confirman que la constitución genética de la mayoría de las poblaciones indígenas reportadas en fuentes bibliográficas (salvo algunas excepciones entre poblaciones del norte del país) posee variantes moleculares autosómicas de origen amerindio, europeo, africano e incluso asiático, con frecuencias variables (Juárez Martín et al, 2014). Al mismo tiempo, la población denominada mestiza ha "retenido" un porcentaje importante del componente genético amerindio de manera diferencial dependiendo de la región geográfica (Moreno y Sandoval, 2013).…”

“…Iberoforum, Revista de Ciencias Sociales, Nueva Época, 3(2), 1-32, Artículos y Ensayos, e000325. https:/ /doi.org/10.48102/if.2023.v3.n2.325Licencia Pública Internacional -CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 de la información aportada por una antropología molecular interesada en la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones mexicanas(González Sobrino, 2016;Juárez Martín et al, 2014; Mo reno y Sandoval, 2013;Wang et al, 2008). En principio, los estudios de variabilidad genética no hacen sino confirmar que las distintas poblaciones mexicanas son, a nivel molecular, el reflejo de la larga historia migratoria y demográfica ocurrida a nivel regional.…”