“…As a new mechanism of cell death, the discovery of ferroptosis and the mechanisms involved in its regulation may help to develop novel treatments for several diseases. Recent studies have documented significant effects of ferroptosis on the development and progression of T1DM ( 59 ); T2DM ( 60 , 61 ); gestational diabetes mellitus ( 60 – 62 ); and diabetes complications such as DKD ( 27 ), DCM ( 29 ), DR ( 63 , 64 ), diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction ( 32 ), cognitive dysfunction ( 31 ), wound healing ( 65 ), diabetic atherosclerosis ( 66 ), and DOP ( 67 ). The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in diabetic complications involve multiple proteins, including acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), tripartite motif containing 46 (TRIM46), circ-PSEN1, NCOA4 ( 68 ), and Nox2, and negative genes, Gpx4 , Nrf2 , xCT , adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, heat shock factor 1 ( HSF1 ), and nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1 ( NAF-1 ) ( 69 ) ( Figure 2 ).…”