Hobbing of Cylindrical Wheels without Coolants

Abstract

This article studies dry hobbing of external cylindrical wheels by worm wheel hobs and reasons why some gear manufactures use hobbing without cutting fluids. Cutting fluids reduce frictional wear, provides temperature cooling of the tool or workpiece and helps flush away the chips from the cutting zone. But uneven cooling and different cutting conditions on the engaging and disengaging sides of a gear mesh provoke intensive wear of the teeth of the worm wheel hob, thus decreasing the life of worm hobs and increasing both the consumption of cutting tools and expenses for them. In this context, it becomes rather difficult to achieve efficiency and stability for the hobbing process. In the recent times, the cost of coolant disposal has been raised; in some cases, it accounts for 15-20% in terms of shop costs. Research was carried out under the following experimental conditions: a hobbing machine equipped with an automation system of high efficiency and with basic units of high static and dynamic stiffness; a high-accuracy worm hob from powdered metal wear-resistant high-speed steel of grade Р6М5К5; a workholding device with an elastic bush, and various cutting modes. Recommendations are given on using the multi-cycle hob-shifting strategy rather than the strategy of single-cycle shifting; and advantages gained by this technique are observed. Best cutting conditions and precision attained by dry gear-hobbing are described.

Theoretical Assessment of the Prospects for the Use of Raw Materials in Ceramic Production

“…One of the ways to reduce the cost of bricks is to add technogenic products of metallurgical production (nickel and copper-containing slags) to the ceramic mass. The development of this type of technology will allow not only to reduce the cost of the final product, but also to save costs on the primary raw material resources -clay and its varieties, and the development of subsoil in general [2]. Despite the various technological methods used in production, clay remains the main component of the charge and makes up 50-90% of the total volume of raw materials.…”