Hole‐Transporting Materials in Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Yan, Weibo; Ye, Senyun; Li, Yunlong; Sun, Weihai; Rao, Haixia; Liu, Zhiwei; Bian, Zuqiang; Huang, Chunhui

doi:10.1002/aenm.201600474

Cited by 266 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…Besides the quality of perovskite absorber layer, the properties of ESLs and HSLs can significantly affect the performance of the resulting PVSCs. Requirements for an ideal HSL (ESL) material include: 1) a bandgap value is wide enough such that it does not significantly absorb visible light, reducing photocurrent loss; 2) the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, LUMO, level of ESL) should be slightly higher (lower) in energy than the valence band maximum (VBM) (conduction band minimum, CBM) of perovskite absorber to facilitate hole (electron) transfer; 3) the LUMO level (HOMO level of ESL) should be much higher (lower) in energy than the CBM (VBM) of perovskite to block electrons (holes) from approaching the interface with the perovskite layer to prevent charge recombination; and 4) a modest hole (electron) conductivity is required to effectively transport charges and achieve balanced charge transport through the PVSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Hole Transport Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Reduced Device Cost

et al. 2017

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To realize commercialization of perovskie solar cell (PVSC) technology, it is essential to reduce the device costs while maintaining high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). So far, the high cost of the most commonly used hole selective material, 2,2′,7,7′‐Tetrakis (N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), for high‐PCE PVSCs presents a significant obstacle for device cost reduction. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of a new spiro‐OMeTAD derivative hole selective material, 2,6,14‐tris(5′‐(N,N‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)aminophenol‐4‐yl)‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophen‐2‐yl)‐triptycene (TET) is reported. TET features a three‐dimensional structure consisting of a triptycene core and triarylamine arms linked by 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene, facilitating efficient hole transport. Planar PVSCs using TET hole selective layers (HSLs) achieved high fill factors of over 81% and steady‐state efficiencies of up to 18.6%, comparable with that (19.0%) of PVSC using spiro‐OMeTAD HSL. Importantly, the hereby reported efficient PVSCs can be produced with very thin TET HSLs (about 30 nm). Considering the lower laboratory synthesis and purification cost ($123 vs. $500 g−1) and thinner HSL (30 vs. 200 nm), the cost for TET on a unit area of one device is 25 times lower than that for high‐purity spiro‐OMeTAD. The device with TET HSL shows good stability under continuous illumination. Therefore, this work makes a significant step forward toward the commercialization of the emerging PVSC technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Hole Transport Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Reduced Device Cost

et al. 2017

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“…

Organometal halide perovskites have recently attracted significant attention in photovoltaics for its prominent intrinsic characteristics such as low exciton binding energy, high absorption coefficient, and long carrier diffusion length. [7,8] Various solutions such as encapsulation, [9,10] interface engineering, [11,12] and precursor solution chemistry [13,14] have been developed to reconcile the gap between device performance and stability. [7,8] Various solutions such as encapsulation, [9,10] interface engineering, [11,12] and precursor solution chemistry [13,14] have been developed to reconcile the gap between device performance and stability.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefiting from Spontaneously Generated 2D/3D Bulk‐Heterojunctions in Ruddlesden−Popper Perovskite by Incorporation of S‐Bearing Spacer Cation

Yan

Honarfar

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

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2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite solar cells have manifested superior operation durability yet inferior charge transport compared to their 3D counterparts. Integrating 3D phases with 2D RP perovskites presents a compromise to maintain respective advantages of both components. Here, the spontaneous generation of 3D phases embedded in 2D perovskite matrix is demonstrated at room temperature via introducing S‐bearing thiophene−2−ethylamine (TEA) as both spacer and stabilizer of inorganic lattices. The resulting 2D/3D bulk heterojunction structures are believed to arise from the compression‐induced epitaxial growth of the 3D phase at the grain boundaries of the 2D phase through the Pb−S interaction. The as‐prepared 2D TEA perovskites exhibit longer exciton diffusion length and extended charge carrier lifetime than the paradigm 2D phenylethylamine (PEA)‐based analogues and hence demonstrate an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 7.20% with significantly increased photocurrent. Dual treatments by NH 4 Cl and dimethyl sulfoxide are further applied to ameliorate the crystallinity and crystal orientation of 2D perovskites. Consequently, TEA‐based devices exhibit a stabilized efficiency over 11% with negligible hysteresis and display excellent ambient stability without encapsulation by preserving 80% efficiency after 270 h storage in air with 60 ± 5% relative humidity at 25 °C.

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“…[26,27] Among all these materials, readily available fullerene-based compound, [60]PCBM, has been utilized most extensively either alone or in combination with various polymer binders. [28][29][30][31][32] Perovskite solar cells using [60]PCBM as ETL deliver virtually hysteresisfree behavior in current-voltage characteristics and impressive power conversion efficiencies of 10%-17%. [33][34][35] Unfortunately, inverted planar junction perovskite solar cells are generally prone to a rapid degradation under illumination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electron‐Transport Material on Light‐Induced Degradation of Inverted Planar Junction Perovskite Solar Cells

Akbulatov

Frolova

Griffin

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

115

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This paper presents a systematic study of the influence of electron‐transport materials on the operation stability of the inverted perovskite solar cells under both laboratory indoor and the natural outdoor conditions in the Negev desert. It is shown that all devices incorporating a Phenyl C61 Butyric Acid Methyl ester ([60]PCBM) layer undergo rapid degradation under illumination without exposure to oxygen and moisture. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling reveals that volatile products from the decomposition of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films diffuse through the [60]PCBM layer, go all the way toward the top metal electrode, and induce its severe corrosion with the formation of an interfacial AgI layer. On the contrary, alternative electron‐transport material based on the perylendiimide derivative provides good isolation for the MAPbI3 films preventing their decomposition and resulting in significantly improved device operation stability. The obtained results strongly suggest that the current approach to design inverted perovskite solar cells should evolve with respect to the replacement of the commonly used fullerene‐based electron‐transport layers with other types of materials (e.g., functionalized perylene diimides). It is believed that these findings pave a way toward substantial improvements in the stability of the perovskite solar cells, which are essential for successful commercialization of this photovoltaic technology.

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Hole‐Transporting Materials in Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 266 publications

References 105 publications

A New Hole Transport Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Reduced Device Cost

A New Hole Transport Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Reduced Device Cost

Benefiting from Spontaneously Generated 2D/3D Bulk‐Heterojunctions in Ruddlesden−Popper Perovskite by Incorporation of S‐Bearing Spacer Cation

Effect of Electron‐Transport Material on Light‐Induced Degradation of Inverted Planar Junction Perovskite Solar Cells

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